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Updated: Apr 9, 2026

Experimental Column Setup for Studying Anaerobic Biogeochemical Interactions Between Iron OxyHydroxides, Trace Elements, and Bacteria
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Laboratory study of trace element release and environmental risks from shale-fracturing fluid interactions.

Alison R Keimowitz1, George L Diehl2, Ryan N Farley3

  • 1Chemistry Department, Vassar College, 124 Raymond Avenue, Poughkeepsie, NY 12601, United States.

Journal of Hazardous Materials
|September 17, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Hydraulic fracturing fluid alters shale geochemistry, mobilizing hazardous trace elements. These elements can enter water sources, posing environmental risks as extraction sites age.

Keywords:
FrackingHydraulic fracturingMetals and rare earth elementsShaleWater contamination

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Area of Science:

  • Geochemistry
  • Environmental Science
  • Earth Science

Background:

  • Hydraulic fracturing (fracking) is a key natural gas extraction method.
  • Black shales, like the Marcellus, are targeted for extraction.
  • Fracking fluid interacts with shale, altering mineralogy and mobilizing trace elements.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate trace element release and redistribution during fracking.
  • Analyze geochemical reactions between fracking fluid and shale.
  • Assess long-term environmental mobility of mobilized elements.

Main Methods:

  • Laboratory experiments simulating fracking stages (shut-in, flowback, production, closure).
  • Analysis of geochemical reactions and mineralogical changes in shale.
  • Monitoring of trace element mobilization and redistribution.

Main Results:

  • Acid additions during shut-in dissolve carbonates and sulfides, leading to sulfide oxidation and mineral transformations.
  • Trace elements are released via acid dissolution during initial production.
  • Some elements (lanthanides, Zn, Sr) are lost from the solid phase.
  • Elements like As, Mo, and U are converted to more mobile mineral forms.

Conclusions:

  • Fracking processes significantly alter shale geochemistry.
  • Mobilized trace elements, particularly As, Mo, and U, pose risks for long-term environmental mobility.
  • Potential for drinking water contamination increases with aging well networks.