Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 17, 2026
10:07
Thermal Imaging to Study Stress Non-invasively in Unrestrained Birds
Published on: November 6, 2015
14.0K
Skin temperature thresholds: A novel non-invasive potential tool for estimating ventilatory thresholds
Xianxiang Zeng1, Chunxue Tang1, Yuxiao Deng1
1Department of Exercise Physiology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China.
Journal of Thermal Biology
|September 17, 2025
Summary
Skin temperature thresholds (TSKTs) identified using infrared thermography during exercise show reliable agreement with ventilatory thresholds (VTs). This non-invasive method offers a practical approach for assessing exercise intensity and metabolic changes.
Area of Science:
- Exercise Physiology
- Thermography
- Metabolic Assessment
Background:
- Identifying exercise metabolic thresholds is crucial for performance and health.
- Non-invasive methods for threshold detection are highly sought after in exercise science.
- Average skin temperature (aTsk) variation during exercise is underexplored for threshold identification.
Purpose of the Study:
- To examine skin temperature variation patterns during ramp incremental exercise.
- To determine skin temperature thresholds (TSKTs) using infrared thermography.
- To assess the agreement between TSKTs and established ventilatory thresholds (VTs).
Main Methods:
- Twenty-three active students underwent a ramp incremental exercise test (RIET).
- Average skin temperature (aTsk), oxygen uptake (V˙O2), heart rate (HR), and power output (PO) were continuously measured.
- Statistical analyses including correlation and Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) were used to compare TSKTs and VTs.
Main Results:
- Skin temperature initially stabilized, then declined (TSKT1), and subsequently slowed or increased (TSKT2).
- TSKT1 showed moderate agreement with VT1 across various physiological measures (ICC > 0.43, r > 0.40).
- TSKT2 demonstrated moderate to high agreement with VT2 for V˙O2 and PO (ICC > 0.77, r > 0.77), but not HR.
Conclusions:
- Skin temperature thresholds (TSKTs) reliably estimate ventilatory thresholds (VTs).
- Infrared thermography offers a practical, non-invasive tool for VT assessment during exercise.
- TSKTs show potential as a valuable method in exercise physiology and sports science.
Keywords:
Agreement analysisAverage skin temperatureExercise metabolic thresholdsInfrared thermographyNon-invasive indicatorRamp incremental exercise testMore Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
01:14Temperature Measurement Sites
3.2K
A thermometer measures body temperature. The common sites for measuring body temperature are the oral cavity, axillary region, temporal artery, and skin surface, such as the forehead, abdomen, and axilla. True core body temperature is assessed in the rectum, tympanic membrane, pulmonary artery, esophagus, and urinary bladder.
Oral: When assessing oral temperature, the thermometer tip should be placed under the tongue in the posterior sublingual pocket. It offers accurate readings and can be...
Oral: When assessing oral temperature, the thermometer tip should be placed under the tongue in the posterior sublingual pocket. It offers accurate readings and can be...
3.2K
01:14Assessing Body Temperature - Tympanic membrane
1.1K
Assessing tympanic membrane temperature involves using a tympanic membrane thermometer (TMT). Here is a step-by-step guide:
Step 1: Begin by practicing good hand hygiene to prevent the transmission of microorganisms.
Step 2: Turn on the thermometer and wait until the ready sign appears on the screen to ensure accurate measurement.
Step 3: Slide the probe cover in place to prevent cross-contamination.
Step 4: Instruct the patient to tilt their head to the side for comfort and check for cerumen...
Step 1: Begin by practicing good hand hygiene to prevent the transmission of microorganisms.
Step 2: Turn on the thermometer and wait until the ready sign appears on the screen to ensure accurate measurement.
Step 3: Slide the probe cover in place to prevent cross-contamination.
Step 4: Instruct the patient to tilt their head to the side for comfort and check for cerumen...
1.1K
01:27Assessing Body Temperature - Rectal
11.5K
Rectal temperature measurement is considered the most precise method for assessing core body temperature and typically registers higher than oral temperature. For adults, the rectal thermometer should be inserted 1 to 1.5 inches into the rectum to obtain the most accurate reading.
Follow these steps for rectal temperature assessment:
Step 1: Perform hand hygiene and don clean gloves to prevent cross-infection.
Step 2: Position the patient in a side-lying position to better visualize the rectal...
Follow these steps for rectal temperature assessment:
Step 1: Perform hand hygiene and don clean gloves to prevent cross-infection.
Step 2: Position the patient in a side-lying position to better visualize the rectal...
11.5K
01:19Assessing Body Temperature - Temporal Artery
1.1K
Here is a stepwise guide to assessing the body temperature at the temporal artery using a temporal artery thermometer
Step 1: Perform hand hygiene and don a fresh pair of gloves to prevent cross-infection and ensure patient safety.
Step 2: Explain the procedure to the patient to establish trust. Clear communication establishes trust with the patient, ensures they understand what to expect, promotes cooperation, and enhances comfort during the procedure.
Step 3: Assess the patient's...
Step 1: Perform hand hygiene and don a fresh pair of gloves to prevent cross-infection and ensure patient safety.
Step 2: Explain the procedure to the patient to establish trust. Clear communication establishes trust with the patient, ensures they understand what to expect, promotes cooperation, and enhances comfort during the procedure.
Step 3: Assess the patient's...
1.1K
01:14Assessing Body Temperature - Axilla
1.2K
Procedural Guide for Assessing Axillary Body Temperature using a Digital Thermometer:
Step 1: Perform hand hygiene and put on clean gloves to maintain infection control and prevent cross-contamination.
Step 2: Prepare the patient by explaining the procedure to ensure understanding and cooperation. Ensure privacy, expose the axilla, and inform the patient that minimal movement is crucial for an accurate reading.
Step 3: Adjust the patient’s clothing to expose only the axilla. It minimizes...
Step 1: Perform hand hygiene and put on clean gloves to maintain infection control and prevent cross-contamination.
Step 2: Prepare the patient by explaining the procedure to ensure understanding and cooperation. Ensure privacy, expose the axilla, and inform the patient that minimal movement is crucial for an accurate reading.
Step 3: Adjust the patient’s clothing to expose only the axilla. It minimizes...
1.2K
01:14Assessing Body Temperature - Oral
1.5K
Here are the steps to accurately measure oral temperature using an electronic thermometer:
Step 1:
Start by practicing proper hand hygiene to prevent the spread of microorganisms.
Step 2:
Take the thermometer out of the charging unit, switch it on, and wait for the ready sign.
Step 3:
Gently slide the probe cover until a click is heard. This simple action prevents cross-contamination and ensures the correct placement of the probe cover.
Step 4:
Instruct the patient to open their mouth and place...
Step 1:
Start by practicing proper hand hygiene to prevent the spread of microorganisms.
Step 2:
Take the thermometer out of the charging unit, switch it on, and wait for the ready sign.
Step 3:
Gently slide the probe cover until a click is heard. This simple action prevents cross-contamination and ensures the correct placement of the probe cover.
Step 4:
Instruct the patient to open their mouth and place...
1.5K