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Published on: February 21, 2017
Fluoride removal from NMC black mass leachates during Lithium-Ion battery recycling via aluminum sulfate
Ali Aliyev1, Devon Gray2, Sevan Bedrossian2
1Laboratory for Strategic Materials, Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3E5, Canada.
Abstract:
This study presents a systematic approach for fluoride removal from pregnant leach solutions derived from NMC-type lithium-ion battery black mass using aluminum sulfate precipitation. The effects of pH, Al2 (SO4) 3:F molar ratio, temperature, and reaction time are investigated to optimize fluoride removal while minimizing co-precipitation of valuable metals including lithium, nickel, cobalt, and manganese. At pH 5 and an Al2 (SO4) 3:F ratio of 1.75, over 97% of fluoride was removed with less than 10% co-precipitation of valuable metals. An empirical model was developed to predict precipitation behavior, and model predictions showed good agreement with experimental results. Comparisons with OLI thermodynamic modeling revealed discrepancies in transition metal behavior, highlighting the value of the novel experimental data provided. These findings not only advance the development of efficient fluoride removal strategies but also offer a critical dataset that could support future refinement of thermodynamic databases used in hydrometallurgical modeling of lithium-ion battery recycling systems.
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