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Design, Fabrication, and Experimental Characterization of Plasmonic Photoconductive Terahertz Emitters

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Plasmonic photoelectric detection engineering: basic principle, design strategies and challenges.

Yuge Feng^1,2, Kun Chao¹, Keming Wu¹

¹School of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Xidian University, Xi'an 710126, People's Republic of China.

Reports on Progress in Physics. Physical Society (Great Britain)

|September 17, 2025

Summary

Surface plasmonics (SP) enhances optoelectronics by utilizing electron oscillations for improved photodetector performance. This review covers SP physical models, photodetector mechanisms, and future prospects in plasmon-enhanced photodetection.

Keywords:

Au nanoparticles carrier dynamics and energy transfer high-responsivity plasmon waveguide plasmonic photoelectric detection transient absorption spectroscopy

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Area of Science:

Physics
Materials Science
Electrical Engineering

Background:

Surface plasmonics (SP) involves collective electron oscillations excited by light, crucial for near-field coupling.
SPs offer advantages like near-field enhancement and wavelength tunability, driving optoelectronic advancements.
SP phenomena are increasingly applied in technologies such as photodetectors.

Purpose of the Study:

To review physical models, waveguide roles, carrier dynamics, and energy transfer in plasmons.
To detail the structure and working principles of advanced plasmon photodetectors.
To explore underlying mechanisms of plasmon-enhanced photodetection.

Main Methods:

Review of physical models and waveguide effects on plasmons.
Analysis of carrier dynamics and energy transfer mechanisms.
Summary of simulation techniques and detection methods in plasmonic photoelectric detection.

Main Results:

Discussion of state-of-the-art plasmon photodetector structures and principles.
Overview of recent simulation and detection method developments.
Identification of progress, challenges, and future directions in the field.

Conclusions:

Surface plasmonics is a key technology for next-generation optoelectronics, particularly photodetectors.
Understanding plasmon mechanisms is vital for optimizing photodetector performance.
Continued research in simulation and detection methods will advance plasmon-enhanced photodetection engineering.