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Updated: Jan 17, 2026

Metabolic Characterization of Polarized M1 and M2 Bone Marrow-derived Macrophages Using Real-time Extracellular Flux Analysis
Published on: November 28, 2015
Nathan F Chiappa1, Nidhi Lal1, Edward A Botchwey2
1Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Sphingolipid metabolism in macrophages shifts during inflammation, creating distinct cell states. Targeting specific metabolic pathways may help resolve inflammation and prevent disease.
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