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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 17, 2026

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Switching Patterns of Cortical-Subcortical Interaction in the Human Brain.

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Subcortical brain regions dynamically interact with the cortex during spontaneous activity. These synchronized fluctuations reveal distinct network states involving limbic and subcortical nuclei, challenging a corticocentric view of brain function.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Brain Imaging
  • Systems Neuroscience

Background:

  • Spontaneous brain activity is crucial for neural function, but subcortical contributions remain unclear.
  • A "corticocentric bias" often leads to analyzing cortical activity in isolation.
  • Understanding cortical-subcortical interactions is vital for a comprehensive model of brain dynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate dynamic functional connectivity (FC) between cortical and subcortical structures.
  • To identify how subcortical regions influence spontaneous brain activity patterns.
  • To challenge the "corticocentric bias" by including subcortical structures in whole-brain analyses.

Main Methods:

  • Dynamic functional connectivity (FC) analysis.
  • Utilized data from a large cohort of healthy human subjects (Human Connectome Project).
  • Investigated synchronized fluctuations in cortical and subcortical activity.

Main Results:

  • Cortical and subcortical FC shifts are synchronized.
  • Limbic regions (hippocampus, amygdala) and subcortical nuclei (thalamus, basal ganglia) exhibit flexible coupling with cortical networks.
  • Two recurring FC states were identified: limbic-default mode network and limbic-sensorimotor network coupling, with opposing patterns for thalamus/basal ganglia.

Conclusions:

  • Cortical-subcortical interactions significantly shape spontaneous whole-brain FC patterns.
  • The subcortex plays a critical role in large-scale spontaneous brain activity.
  • Future research should integrate subcortical structures for a complete understanding of brain dynamics.