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Atomic Force Microscopy

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 9, 2026

Failure Analysis of Batteries Using Synchrotron-based Hard X-ray Microtomography
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Magnetic microscopy for operando imaging of battery dynamics.

Stefan Pollok1, Mohamad Khoshkalam1, Fardin Ghaffari-Tabrizi1

  • 1Department of Energy Conversion and Storage, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.

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|September 17, 2025
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Summary

Operando magnetic microscopy reveals nanoscale insights into battery charge/discharge cycles. This method visualizes ionic and electronic currents, aiding understanding of battery degradation and improving performance.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Physics

Background:

  • Battery performance relies on understanding operational and degradation processes.
  • Heterogeneous charge transport at the nanoscale drives battery degradation, but is difficult to image.
  • Current operando imaging techniques struggle to resolve nanoscale inhomogeneities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a data-driven approach using operando magnetic microscopy for battery analysis.
  • To investigate charge and discharge cycles in lithium and post-lithium batteries.
  • To gain insights into battery inhomogeneities and degradation mechanisms.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing operando magnetic microscopy for quantitative imaging.
  • Analyzing ionic and electronic current distributions at the nanoscale.
  • Probing nanoscale chemical reactions during battery cycling.

Main Results:

  • Spatially resolved imaging of heterogeneous redox reactions.
  • Quantitative mapping of buried ionic and electronic current distributions.
  • Identification of mechanistic contributions to short-circuit endurance.

Conclusions:

  • Operando magnetic microscopy offers a powerful tool for nanoscale battery characterization.
  • Understanding current distributions is key to mitigating battery degradation.
  • This technique provides valuable insights for developing more durable and efficient batteries.