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Updated: Jan 17, 2026

Study of In Vivo Glucose Metabolism in High-fat Diet-fed Mice Using Oral Glucose Tolerance Test OGTT and Insulin Tolerance Test ITT
Published on: January 7, 2018
HDL metabolism and function in diabetes mellitus
Blake J Cochran1, Thomas W King1, Kevin Chemello1
1Cardiometabolic Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Abstract:
Epidemiological studies have identified an inverse association of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol with cardiovascular risk. Preclinical studies have shown that HDLs also exhibit cardioprotective functions in cultured cells and animal models. However, large, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trials of HDL-raising agents have failed to reduce cardiovascular events in humans. Despite this negative outcome, glycaemic control was considerably improved in the patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who were recruited into these trials. This finding indicated that HDLs might have anti-diabetic functions. This was shown to be the case in cell studies and animal studies, which have established that HDLs and apolipoprotein A1, the main HDL apolipoprotein, improve pancreatic β-cell function and increase insulin sensitivity. On the other hand, diabetes mellitus adversely affects the structure, anti-diabetic functions and cardioprotective functions of HDLs. These complex, closely linked relationships, which are undoubtedly worthy of further investigation, form the focus of this Review.
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