Exosome-Based Therapeutics for Musculoskeletal Disorders: Advances in Engineering, Targeting, and Biomaterial...

Area of Science:

• Biomedical Engineering
• Regenerative Medicine
• Nanotechnology

Background:

• Musculoskeletal disorders pose a significant global health burden, with conventional treatments facing limitations in efficacy and safety.
• Exosomes show promise for musculoskeletal regeneration due to their targeting, delivery, and biocompatibility.
• Existing literature lacks a unified view of exosome engineering, biomaterial delivery, and therapeutic applications for these conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

• To comprehensively review exosome engineering strategies for enhanced therapeutic efficacy.
• To explore advanced biomaterial delivery systems for improved exosome administration.
• To examine the mechanisms and applications of exosomes in treating musculoskeletal disorders.

Main Methods:

• Exosome engineering via blast cell pretreatment and exosome modification.
• Integration of exosomes with biomaterials like hydrogels, scaffolds, microneedles, and fiber membranes.
• Systematic review of exosome biogenesis, isolation, extraction, preservation, and clinical challenges.

Main Results:

• Engineered exosomes combined with biomaterials offer controlled spatial positioning and sustained release.
• Detailed examination of exosome mechanisms and therapeutic potential in musculoskeletal disease treatment.
• Identification of key factors hindering clinical translation of exosome-based therapies.

Conclusions:

• Engineered exosomes represent a transformative approach for targeted, minimally invasive musculoskeletal interventions.
• Biomaterial-integrated exosome delivery systems enhance therapeutic outcomes.
• Further research is needed to overcome clinical application barriers for exosomes in musculoskeletal medicine.