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Alternative RNA Splicing

Alternative RNA Splicing

Alternative RNA splicing is the regulated splicing of exons and introns to produce different mature mRNAs from a single pre-mRNA. Unlike in constitutive splicing where a single gene produces a single type of mRNA, alternative splicing allows an organism to produce multiple proteins from a single gene and plays an important role in protein diversity.
There are five types of alternative RNA splicing that vary in the ways the pre-mRNA segments are removed or retained in the mature mRNA. The first...

Alternative RNA Splicing

Alternative RNA Splicing

RNA Splicing

RNA Splicing

Splicing is the process by which eukaryotic RNA is edited before its translation into protein. The RNA strand transcribed from eukaryotic DNA is called the primary transcript. The primary transcripts that become mRNAs are called precursor messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs). Eukaryotic pre-mRNA contains alternating sequences of exons and introns. Exons are nucleotide sequences that code for proteins, whereas introns are the non-coding regions. In RNA splicing, introns are removed and exons are bonded...

Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing

Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing

In eukaryotic cells, nascent mRNA transcripts need to undergo many post-transcriptional modifications to reach the cell cytoplasm and translate into functional proteins. For a long time, transcription and pre-mRNA processing were considered two independent events that occur sequentially in the cell. However, it has now been well established that transcription and pre-mRNA processing are two simultaneous processes that are precisely regulated inside the cell.
The chromatin structure, especially...

Pre-mRNA Processing: RNA Splicing

Pre-mRNA Processing: RNA Splicing

Chromatin Structure and RNA Splicing

Chromatin Structure and RNA Splicing

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 17, 2026

Engineering Artificial Factors to Specifically Manipulate Alternative Splicing in Human Cells

Engineering Artificial Factors to Specifically Manipulate Alternative Splicing in Human Cells

Published on: April 26, 2017

Predicting the structural impact of human alternative splicing.

Yuxuan Song¹, Chengxin Zhang¹, Gilbert S Omenn¹

¹Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.

|September 17, 2025

Summary

Alternative splicing significantly alters protein structures and functions, impacting post-translational modification sites. This study predicts structures for over 11,000 human isoforms, revealing cell-type specific expression patterns.

Keywords:

AlphaFold2 Alternative splicing Isoform function Protein structure Single-Cell RNA-seq

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Last Updated: Jan 17, 2026

Engineering Artificial Factors to Specifically Manipulate Alternative Splicing in Human Cells

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Published on: April 26, 2017

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Identification of Alternative Splicing and Polyadenylation in RNA-seq Data

Identification of Alternative Splicing and Polyadenylation in RNA-seq Data

Published on: June 24, 2021

Area of Science:

Computational Biology
Structural Biology
Genomics

Background:

Neural networks advance protein structure prediction, but often neglect splice variants.
Alternative splicing generates diverse protein isoforms from a single gene, affecting protein structure and function.
Investigating structural implications of alternative splicing is crucial for understanding cellular complexity.

Purpose of the Study:

To predict structures for over 11,000 human protein isoforms using AlphaFold2.
To identify and characterize structural alterations induced by alternative splicing.
To link protein isoform structures to cell-type specific expression.

Main Methods:

Utilized AlphaFold2 for predicting structures of >11,000 human isoforms.
Applied multiple metrics (template matching, secondary structure, surface charge, radius of gyration, PTM site accessibility) to detect splicing-induced changes.
Integrated structure-based function prediction and single-cell RNA-seq data (Tabula Sapiens).

Main Results:

Identified splicing-induced changes in protein structure, surface charge, radius of gyration, and PTM site accessibility.
Observed instances of low structural similarity between isoforms despite high sequence identity.
Functional predictions revealed numerous differences between isoforms, often with a predominant loss of function compared to the reference.
Mapped isoform expression to specific cell types using single-cell RNA-seq data.

Conclusions:

This study provides a valuable resource for understanding the structure and function of splice isoforms.
Highlights the significant impact of alternative splicing on protein structure and cellular function.
Enables exploration of isoform structure and function across diverse human cell types.