Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Mitochondrial Membranes01:45

Mitochondrial Membranes

16.6K
A single mitochondrion is a bean-shaped organelle enclosed by a double-membrane system. The outer membrane of mitochondria is smooth and contains many porins - the integral membrane transporters. Porins enable free diffusion of ions and small uncharged molecules through the outer mitochondrial membrane but limit the transport of molecules larger than 5000 Daltons. Further, the outer mitochondrial membrane forms a unique structure called membrane contact sites with other subcellular organelles,...
16.6K
Electron Transport Chain: Complex I and II01:46

Electron Transport Chain: Complex I and II

18.5K
The mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) is the main energy generation system in the eukaryotic cells. However, mitochondria also produce cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to the large electron flow during oxidative phosphorylation. While Complex I is one of the primary sources of superoxide radicals, ROS production by Complex II is uncommon and may only be observed in cancer cells with mutated complexes.
ROS generation is regulated and maintained at moderate levels necessary...
18.5K
Accessory Structures of the Eye01:17

Accessory Structures of the Eye

3.4K
Optical perception, or vision, is an extraordinary sense dependent on converting light signals received via the ocular organs. These organs, known as eyes, are securely positioned within the bony cavities of the skull, called orbits. The orbits serve a dual purpose: a protective shield for the ocular globes and a stable attachment point for the soft ocular tissues. The eye's external protective mechanisms include the eyelids, which are edged with lashes that act as a barrier against foreign...
3.4K
Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways01:22

Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways

8.8K
At the molecular level, visual signals trigger transformations in photopigment molecules, resulting in changes in the photoreceptor cell's membrane potential. The photon's energy level is denoted by its wavelength, with each specific wavelength of visible light associated with a distinct color. The spectral range of visible light, classified as electromagnetic radiation, spans from 380 to 720 nm. Electromagnetic radiation wavelengths exceeding 720 nm fall under the infrared category,...
8.8K
Mitochondria01:37

Mitochondria

19.6K
Mitochondria are eukaryotic cellular organelles that are known to produce energy through a process called oxidative phosphorylation. Besides their primary function, mitochondria are involved in various cellular processes, including cell growth, differentiation, signaling, metabolism, and senescence. Age-related changes cause a decline in mitochondrial quality and integrity due to increased mitochondrial mutations and oxidative damage. Thus, aging can severely impact mitochondrial functions,...
19.6K
The Inner Mitochondrial Membrane01:28

The Inner Mitochondrial Membrane

4.5K
The inner mitochondrial membrane is the primary site of ATP synthesis. The inner membrane domain that forms a smooth layer adjacent to the outer membrane is called the inner boundary membrane. This domain contains membrane transporters that drive metabolites in and out of the mitochondria.  In contrast, the inner membrane network that invaginates into the matrix space is called the cristae membrane. This domain accounts for principle mitochondrial function as it accommodates the protein...
4.5K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Efficient in vivo cytosine base editing using virus-like particles with uracil DNA glycosylase inhibition.

Nature biotechnology·2026
Same author

Synergistic nanosenolytic therapy reverses age-related dry eye disease by targeting cellular senescence and oxidative stress.

Bioactive materials·2026
Same author

Polycatechol-based iron predators disrupt fungal iron homeostasis to drive selective antifungal action.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same author

Morphological alterations of corneal nerve after short-term scleral lens therapy for severe dry eye: an in vivo confocal microscopic study.

Contact lens & anterior eye : the journal of the British Contact Lens Association·2026
Same author

Physics-Inspired Frequency-Decoupled Network for Remote Sensing Image Dehazing.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same author

Coordinated regulation using small-molecule drugs enables controlled therapeutic genome editing and enhanced genomic precision in situ.

Science translational medicine·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 17, 2026

Determination of Mitochondrial Respiration and Glycolysis in Ex Vivo Retinal Tissue Samples
08:45

Determination of Mitochondrial Respiration and Glycolysis in Ex Vivo Retinal Tissue Samples

Published on: August 4, 2021

4.8K

Role of mitochondrial dysfunction in ocular surface diseases.

Xiaohan Chen1, Jiaxu Hong2,3,4,5, Qihua Le1,3

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China.

Cell Stress
|September 18, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to ocular surface diseases by impairing energy production and causing cellular damage. Investigating mitochondrial therapies offers potential new treatments for conditions like dry eye.

Keywords:
Fuchs endothelial cell dystrophydry eyemitochondrial dysfunctionthe ocular surface diseases

More Related Videos

Real-Time Analysis of Bioenergetics in Primary Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells Using High-Resolution Respirometry
09:16

Real-Time Analysis of Bioenergetics in Primary Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells Using High-Resolution Respirometry

Published on: February 3, 2023

2.9K
Author Spotlight: Decoding Mitochondrial Aging
08:48

Author Spotlight: Decoding Mitochondrial Aging

Published on: June 30, 2023

4.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 17, 2026

Determination of Mitochondrial Respiration and Glycolysis in Ex Vivo Retinal Tissue Samples
08:45

Determination of Mitochondrial Respiration and Glycolysis in Ex Vivo Retinal Tissue Samples

Published on: August 4, 2021

4.8K
Real-Time Analysis of Bioenergetics in Primary Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells Using High-Resolution Respirometry
09:16

Real-Time Analysis of Bioenergetics in Primary Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells Using High-Resolution Respirometry

Published on: February 3, 2023

2.9K
Author Spotlight: Decoding Mitochondrial Aging
08:48

Author Spotlight: Decoding Mitochondrial Aging

Published on: June 30, 2023

4.8K

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Ophthalmology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Mitochondrial dysfunction, characterized by impaired energy production and cellular damage, is implicated in various diseases.
  • Its presence is noted in ocular surface diseases including dry eye, Fuchs corneal endothelial dystrophy, and diabetic keratopathy.
  • However, the precise role and molecular mechanisms of mitochondrial dysfunction in these eye conditions remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the pathological features and mechanisms of mitochondrial dysfunction in ocular surface disease pathogenesis.
  • To discuss the potential of mitochondrial-based therapies for treating these eye conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on mitochondrial dysfunction and ocular surface diseases.
  • Analysis of pathological alterations and molecular mechanisms.
  • Evaluation of current and potential mitochondrial therapies.

Main Results:

  • Mitochondrial dysfunction leads to energy deficits, reactive oxygen species accumulation, inflammation, and DNA damage in ocular cells.
  • These pathological changes are linked to the development and worsening of ocular surface diseases.
  • Current mitochondrial therapies for these conditions are still in the research phase.

Conclusions:

  • Mitochondrial dysfunction is a significant factor in the pathogenesis of ocular surface diseases.
  • Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for developing effective treatments.
  • Mitochondrial therapies hold promise for future treatment strategies in ophthalmology.