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Monolithic Electronic-Biophotonic System-on-Chip for Label-Free Real-Time Molecular Sensing.

Christos Adamopoulos¹, Hyeong-Seok Oh¹, Sidney Buchbinder¹

¹Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.

IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits

|September 18, 2025

Summary

This study introduces a novel electronic-photonic system-on-chip for label-free molecular sensing. The integrated sensor achieves high sensitivity for point-of-care diagnostics, enabling real-time monitoring of molecular interactions without external equipment.

Keywords:

Biosensing CMOS electronic-photonic lab-on-chip label-free microring resonator molecular sensing point-of-care real-time system-on-chip

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Area of Science:

Biophotonics
Nanotechnology
Integrated Photonics

Background:

Label-free optical sensors offer sensitive, real-time molecular interaction monitoring for diagnostics.
Current biophotonic platforms require complex external equipment, limiting Point-of-Care (PoC) applications.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a fully integrated electronic-photonic system-on-chip (EPSoC) for label-free molecular sensing.
To overcome limitations of existing platforms for scalable PoC diagnostics.

Main Methods:

Co-integration of micro-ring resonators (MRRs) with on-chip electronics using advanced semiconductor processes.
Implementation of a dual-ring phase-based sensing architecture for enhanced sensitivity.
On-chip temperature control and differential sensing schemes to address MRR limitations.

Main Results:

Demonstrated an EPSoC with sixty MRRs achieving a limit of detection equivalent to a single 140-nm viral particle.
Achieved a 3.7x sensitivity enhancement using the dual-ring architecture compared to single MRR.
Successfully monitored real-time binding events of biomolecules and nanoparticles.

Conclusions:

The developed EPSoC represents a significant advancement towards self-contained, integrated Lab-on-Chip (LoC) photonic sensors.
This technology enables highly sensitive, label-free molecular detection for future PoC diagnostic devices.
The system eliminates the need for external tunable lasers and complex readout equipment.