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Bio-encapsulation of allergen-derivatives for specific immunotherapy.

Fabian Schubert1, Elsa Arcalís1, Maximilian Kyral1

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Summary

Plant-based protein bodies (PBs) were engineered to encapsulate fish allergens, enhancing their stability against digestion. This novel bioencapsulation strategy shows promise for improving oral immunotherapy treatments.

Keywords:
allergenbioencapsulationmolecular farmingplant-based productionrecombinant pharmaceuticalsstorage organelles

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Area of Science:

  • Plant biotechnology
  • Allergy research
  • Biomaterials science

Background:

  • Oral immunotherapy (OIT) is effective for allergies but allergens face digestion in the gut.
  • Developing stable allergen delivery systems is crucial for OIT efficacy.
  • Plant-based systems offer potential for controlled allergen release and protection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and characterize multi-layered protein bodies (PBs) in *Nicotiana benthamiana* for encapsulating fish allergen parvalbumin.
  • To evaluate the stability of encapsulated allergens against simulated gastrointestinal digestion.
  • To assess the potential of PBs as a delivery vehicle for oral immunotherapy.

Main Methods:

  • Co-expression of zein variants in *Nicotiana benthamiana* to create multi-layered PBs.
  • Confocal microscopy and correlative light and electron microscopy (CLEM) for structural analysis.
  • In vitro digestion assays and Caco-2 cell uptake studies to simulate gastrointestinal conditions.

Main Results:

  • Successfully generated multi-layered PBs with distinct core-shell structures containing parvalbumin derivatives.
  • Demonstrated enhanced, layer-specific resistance of encapsulated allergens to simulated gastrointestinal digestion compared to soluble allergens.
  • Showcased potential for PB uptake by human intestinal epithelial cells.

Conclusions:

  • Engineered multi-layered PBs provide a protective platform for allergen encapsulation, enhancing resistance to proteolytic digestion.
  • This bioencapsulation strategy offers a novel approach for developing improved oral immunotherapy delivery vehicles.
  • The study advances understanding of protein storage organelle formation and bioencapsulation for therapeutic applications.