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The vascular phase, also known as vasospasm, is the initial stage of hemostasis, crucial for preventing excessive bleeding when a blood vessel is injured. After a vessel is cut, nerves in the damaged area trigger pain and other sensory impulses. Simultaneously, the smooth muscles in the vessel wall contract, resulting in a vascular spasm. This contraction reduces the vessel's diameter at the injury site, slowing or stopping blood loss through the vessel wall. Vascular spasms typically last...
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Autoregulation mechanisms are characterized by their inherent capacity for self-regulation without necessitating specific nervous stimulation or endocrine control. These mechanisms facilitate the adjustment of blood flow and, therefore, perfusion specific to each tissue region. This self-regulation encompasses chemical signals and myogenic controls.
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When the heart pumps blood out, arterial elastic fibers play a crucial role in sustaining a high-pressure gradient. They expand to accommodate the received blood and then recoil - a process known as the pulse that can be either manually palpated or electronically quantified. Despite a reduction in its effect with increased distance from the heart, elements of the pulse's systolic and diastolic components persist, observable even at the arteriole level.
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Related Experiment Video

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The Falcate Artery: Its Dynamics in Vasospasm.

Abhishek Kotwal1, Ansan Joseph2, Karthik Kulanthaivelu2

  • 1Department of Radiodiagnosis, Mahatma Gandhi Memorial Medical College, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India.

The Indian Journal of Radiology & Imaging
|September 18, 2025
PubMed
Summary

The anterior falcine artery (AFA) is often enlarged in patients with vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH-V). Its length significantly decreases after nimodipine infusion chemical angioplasty (NCA), especially in severe cases.

Keywords:
falx arterynimodipinesubarachnoid hemorrhagevasospasm

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A Volumetric Method for Quantification of Cerebral Vasospasm in a Murine Model of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Radiology
  • Vascular Surgery

Background:

  • Moyamoya disease shows enlarged anterior falcine arteries (AFA) contributing to collateral circulation.
  • The AFA's role in perfusing ischemic brain tissue during vasospasm following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH-V) is investigated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the angiographic characteristics of the AFA in SAH-V patients.
  • To assess the reactive changes in AFA dimensions following nimodipine infusion chemical angioplasty (NCA).

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of clinical and imaging data from 100 SAH patients with angiographic vasospasm.
  • Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) used to evaluate AFA visibility and length.
  • Mixed effect analysis applied for comparisons.

Main Results:

  • The AFA was visualized in 59% of SAH-V patients, being longer in those with anterior communicating artery aneurysms and higher modified Fisher Scale (mFS) grades.
  • Post-NCA, AFA length significantly reduced (p < 0.001), with greater reduction in severe vasospasm.
  • Each centimeter increase in AFA length correlated with an 18.9% increase in vasospasm odds.

Conclusions:

  • The AFA is a demonstrable angiographic feature in over 58% of SAH-V cases.
  • AFA dimensions are significantly reduced after NCA, particularly in severe vasospasm.
  • The AFA's size is a relevant indicator of vasospasm severity in SAH.