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Updated: Jan 17, 2026

Establishment of a Robust and Reproducible Model of Radiation-Induced Skin and Muscle Fibrosis

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Published on: August 31, 2022

Advances in mitochondrial dysfunction in radiation tissue injury.

Jianhuang Rong¹, Qiujie Yu², Guilin Huang¹

¹Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.

Frontiers in Physiology

|September 18, 2025

Summary

Mitochondria, not just the nucleus, are key players in radiation damage to healthy tissues. Understanding mitochondrial dysfunction offers new strategies for cancer radiotherapy protection and treatment.

Keywords:

apoptosis energy metabolism mitochondrial dysfunction mitophagy oxidative stress radiation injury

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Area of Science:

Oncology
Radiation Biology
Cellular Biology

Background:

Cancer radiotherapy often causes collateral damage to healthy tissues.
The nucleus was traditionally viewed as the primary radiation target, but mitochondria's role is increasingly recognized.

Purpose of the Study:

To review mitochondrial dysfunction in various tissues after irradiation.
To elucidate the mechanisms of radiation-induced mitochondrial damage.
To summarize key signaling pathways involved in mitochondrial response to radiation.

Main Methods:

Comprehensive literature review of studies on radiation effects on mitochondria.
Analysis of mitochondrial alterations in irradiated tissues (intestine, heart, lung, brain, skin, hematopoietic system).
Summary of signaling pathways regulating mitochondrial response.

Main Results:

Mitochondrial dysfunction, including altered dynamics, impaired metabolism, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS), and apoptosis/senescence, is central to radiation pathology.
Key pathways like AMPK/PGC-1α, Nrf2/ARE/TFAM, and NLRP3 inflammasome are involved in mitochondrial response to radiation stress.

Conclusions:

Mitochondria are critical mediators of radiation-induced tissue injury.
Targeting mitochondrial pathways presents promising avenues for radioprotection and novel therapeutic strategies in oncology.