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In vitro evaluation of periapical safety of various laser-activated irrigation protocols using a quantitative
Shamma Karimzadeh1, Youmna A Abdelaal1, Nour M Sondoqa1
1Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE.
Context:
Successful root canal treatment (RCT) depends on effective irrigant activation to enhance disinfection and minimize the risk of apical periodontitis. Laser-activated irrigation (LAI) has shown promise; however, its periapical safety remains to be fully evaluated.
Aims:
The aim of this study was to assess and compare the periapical safety of erbium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Er: YAG) and diode laser irrigation protocols with passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) during RCT.
Settings And Design:
This was a quantitative in vitro experimental study.
Methods:
Sixty-six extracted human single-rooted teeth were standardized and fixed into a 96-well plate containing 300 μL of a pH indicator solution. Teeth were randomly allocated to three groups: PUI, diode laser, and Er: YAG laser. Irrigation with 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) was activated using the designated technique. Apical extrusion of NaOCl was quantified using ELISA-based spectrophotometry.
Statistical Analysis Used:
Kruskal-Wallis and post hoc pairwise comparison tests were performed (P < 0.05).
Results:
All groups showed apical extrusion. The Er: YAG group had significantly less extrusion than the diode and PUI groups (P < 0.05).
Conclusions:
Within the study's limitations, Er: YAG and diode LAI reduced apical NaOCl extrusion compared to PUI, indicating improved periapical safety. Further clinical studies are needed.
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