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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 17, 2026

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Advances and challenges in human 3D solid tumor models.

Naveen R Natesh1, Shyni Varghese1,2,3

  • 1Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, 203 Research Drive, MSRB1 Room No. 381, Durham, NC, 27710 USA.

Advanced Functional Materials
|September 18, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Advancements in 3D patient-derived tumor models offer improved platforms for studying cancer biology and developing new cancer therapeutics. These innovative ex vivo models enhance precision medicine and immunotherapy research.

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Area of Science:

  • Cancer Biology
  • Therapeutics Development
  • Translational Oncology

Background:

  • Cancer research has advanced significantly due to improved model systems.
  • Traditional mouse models are being complemented by sophisticated ex vivo patient-derived tumor models.
  • Technological progress enables more tunable and interpretable experimental systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review technological innovations in 3D solid tumor models.
  • To explore the application of these models in cancer biology and therapeutic identification.
  • To discuss the integration of perfusable vasculature into 3D tumor models.

Main Methods:

  • Exploration of technological advancements in 3D ex vivo tumor models.
  • Analysis of how these models address tumor and microenvironment features like spatial heterogeneity and genomic variations.
  • Discussion of integrating perfusable vasculature into complex 3D models.

Main Results:

  • 3D patient-derived tumor models provide enhanced platforms for studying oncogenesis, tumor evolution, and therapeutic responses.
  • These models allow for the investigation of spatial heterogeneity, multicellular populations, and genomic variations.
  • Integration with perfusable vasculature creates more complex platforms for precision medicine and immunotherapy.

Conclusions:

  • Innovative 3D tumor models are crucial for advancing cancer biology research.
  • These models hold significant potential for developing targeted cancer therapeutics and improving precision medicine.
  • Future experimental cancer models will drive both biological discovery and clinical translation.