Effect of Valeriana officinalis on Primary Dysmenorrhea: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Primary dysmenorrhea, defined by painful menstruation in the absence of pelvic disorders, often requires treatment. Traditional options such as NSAIDs and oral contraceptives have limitations. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluate the efficacy of Valeriana officinalis (Valerian) in managing primary dysmenorrhea.

We conducted a comprehensive literature search (2000-November 2023) for RCTs comparing valerian to placebo or NSAIDs in primary dysmenorrhea. The primary outcome was a reduction in dysmenorrhea pain. Risk of bias was assessed using Cochrane's tool.

Five controlled trials (201 intervention, 207 control participants) met the inclusion criteria. The random-effects model showed a significant pain reduction with valerian versus control (SMD = -1.03; 95% CI, -1.74 to -0.33; P < 0.004). Heterogeneity was high (Cochrane's Q test: P < 0.001; I² = 90.40%). Valerian was safe and well-tolerated.

Valerian significantly reduced dysmenorrhea pain by 1.03 points on a VAS 0-10 scale, though high heterogeneity and limited studies necessitate cautious interpretation. Potential mechanisms (e.g., GABA modulation) may underlie its effects, but variability in dosing and trial designs complicates comparisons.

While valerian appears promising for primary dysmenorrhea, further standardized RCTs are needed to confirm efficacy and address heterogeneity.