Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Acyclic Diene Metathesis (ADMET)00:53

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Acyclic Diene Metathesis (ADMET)

2.2K
Acyclic diene metathesis polymerization or ADMET polymerization involves cross-metathesis of terminal dienes, such as 1,8-nonadiene, to give linear unsaturated polymer and ethylene. As ADMET is a reversible process, the formed ethylene gas must be removed from the reaction mixture to complete the polymerization process.
Similar to cross-metathesis, ADMET also involves the formation of metallacyclobutane intermediate by [2+2] cycloaddition of one of the double bonds of a terminal diene with...
2.2K
Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:03

Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview

4.3K
Step-growth or condensation polymerization is a stepwise reaction of bi or multifunctional monomers to form long-chain polymers. As all the monomers are reactive, most of the monomers are consumed at the early stages of the reaction to form small chains of reactive oligomers, which then combine to form long polymer chains in the late stages. Hence, the reaction has to proceed for a long time to achieve high molecular weight polymers.
Many natural and synthetic polymers are produced by...
4.3K
Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism00:57

Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

2.8K
The cationic polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step of the polymerization process, the π bond of a monomer gets protonated by the Lewis acid catalyst, which is formed from boron trifluoride and water. The protonation of the π bond generates a carbocation stabilized by the electron‐donating group. In the propagation step, the π bond of the second monomer acts as a nucleophile and attacks the...
2.8K
Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism01:04

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

2.4K
The mechanism for anionic chain-growth polymerization involves initiation, propagation, and termination steps. In the initiation step, a nucleophilic anion, such as butyl lithium, initiates the polymerization process by attacking the π bond of the vinylic monomer. As a result, a carbanion, stabilized by the electron‐withdrawing group, is generated. The resulting carbanion acts as a Michael donor in the propagation step and attacks the second vinylic monomer, which acts as a Michael...
2.4K
Free-Radical Chain Reaction and Polymerization of Alkenes02:35

Free-Radical Chain Reaction and Polymerization of Alkenes

9.4K
The conversion of alkenes to macromolecules called polymers is a reaction of high commercial importance. The structure of the polymer is defined by a repeating unit, while the terminal groups are considered insignificant. The average degree of polymerization represents the number of repeating units in the polymer molecule and is denoted by the subscript n.
9.4K
Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:20

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

2.6K
The polymerization process that involves carbanion as an intermediate is called anionic polymerization. It is also a type of addition or chain-growth polymerization. Anionic polymerization gets initiated by a strong nucleophile such as an organolithium or a Grignard reagent. The most commonly used initiator for anionic polymerization is butyl lithium. Monomers involved in anionic polymerization must possess a vinyl group bonded to one or two electron-withdrawing groups. For instance,...
2.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

An acoustic platform for facile, size-targeted polymeric nanoparticle synthesis.

Chemical science·2026
Same author

Responsible chemistry for a changing world: IUPAC's guiding principles.

Chemical science·2026
Same author

High-Throughput Kinetic Screening of UV and Visible Light-Induced Copper-RDRP in Continuous Flow Using Inline Benchtop NMR Analysis.

JACS Au·2026
Same author

A robotic approach to polymerisation kinetics: a case study on copolymerisation parameter estimation.

Chemical science·2026
Same author

Scalable Miniemulsion Polymerization of Methyl Methacrylate (MMA) in Continuous Flow.

JACS Au·2026
Same author

Multidimensional kinetic study on the organocatalyzed ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of l-lactide <i>via</i> a robotic high-throughput flow platform.

Chemical science·2026
Same journal

Ambient stability and surface adhesion of 2D polyaramid nanofilms.

Faraday discussions·2026
Same journal

Spiers Memorial Lecture: Spin-mediated promotion of magnetic metal catalysts.

Faraday discussions·2026
Same journal

Helium spin-echo as a surface-sensitive probe of vibrational energy dissipation.

Faraday discussions·2026
Same journal

Near-infrared vibrational second harmonic generation: a new nonlinear interfacial vibrational spectroscopy.

Faraday discussions·2026
Same journal

CO on a Rh/Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> single-atom catalyst: high-resolution infrared spectroscopy and near-ambient-pressure scanning tunnelling microscopy.

Faraday discussions·2026
Same journal

Evolution of size-selected Pt cluster catalysts on prototypical oxide supports.

Faraday discussions·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 17, 2026

Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization of Functionalized Vinyl Monomers Using Perylene as a Visible Light Photocatalyst
06:49

Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization of Functionalized Vinyl Monomers Using Perylene as a Visible Light Photocatalyst

Published on: April 22, 2016

12.4K

Understanding depolymerization kinetics of poly(butyl methacrylate) using flow chemistry.

Leonard P M Göhringer1,2, Gayathri Dev Ammini1, Tanja Junkers1

  • 1Polymer Reaction Design Group, School of Chemistry, Monash University, 19 Rainforest Walk, Building 23, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia. tanja.junkers@monash.edu.

Faraday Discussions
|September 18, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer (RAFT) depolymerization is a key chemical recycling method. This study determined RAFT depolymerization kinetics under continuous flow, identifying dialysis as the rate-limiting step.

More Related Videos

Ethylene Polymerizations Using Parallel Pressure Reactors and a Kinetic Analysis of Chain Transfer Polymerization
07:28

Ethylene Polymerizations Using Parallel Pressure Reactors and a Kinetic Analysis of Chain Transfer Polymerization

Published on: November 27, 2015

13.7K
Synthesis of Monodisperse Cylindrical Nanoparticles via Crystallization-driven Self-assembly of Biodegradable Block Copolymers
11:42

Synthesis of Monodisperse Cylindrical Nanoparticles via Crystallization-driven Self-assembly of Biodegradable Block Copolymers

Published on: June 20, 2019

8.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 17, 2026

Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization of Functionalized Vinyl Monomers Using Perylene as a Visible Light Photocatalyst
06:49

Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization of Functionalized Vinyl Monomers Using Perylene as a Visible Light Photocatalyst

Published on: April 22, 2016

12.4K
Ethylene Polymerizations Using Parallel Pressure Reactors and a Kinetic Analysis of Chain Transfer Polymerization
07:28

Ethylene Polymerizations Using Parallel Pressure Reactors and a Kinetic Analysis of Chain Transfer Polymerization

Published on: November 27, 2015

13.7K
Synthesis of Monodisperse Cylindrical Nanoparticles via Crystallization-driven Self-assembly of Biodegradable Block Copolymers
11:42

Synthesis of Monodisperse Cylindrical Nanoparticles via Crystallization-driven Self-assembly of Biodegradable Block Copolymers

Published on: June 20, 2019

8.3K

Area of Science:

  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Chemical Engineering
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer (RAFT) depolymerization enables efficient chemical recycling of polymers.
  • Continuous flow processes with inline dialysis can accelerate depolymerization.
  • Kinetic understanding is crucial for optimizing flow-based polymer recycling.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the kinetics of RAFT depolymerization under continuous flow conditions.
  • To investigate the influence of temperature and polymer concentration on depolymerization rates.
  • To identify rate-limiting steps in flow RAFT depolymerization with inline dialysis.

Main Methods:

  • Studied RAFT depolymerization of poly(butyl methacrylate) (polyBMA) in a continuous flow system.
  • Varied depolymerization temperatures between 120 °C and 160 °C.
  • Analyzed the dependence of depolymerization rate on initial polymer concentration and compared it with dialysis clearance rates.

Main Results:

  • Determined the activation energy for RAFT depolymerization to be 79.5 kJ mol⁻¹.
  • Observed a square root dependence of the depolymerization rate on initial polymer concentration.
  • Identified the in-flow membrane dialysis as the rate-determining step, significantly slower than depolymerization.

Conclusions:

  • The dialysis step is the bottleneck in continuous flow RAFT depolymerization with inline dialysis.
  • Increasing the cross-flow rate in dialysis accelerates monomer removal.
  • Optimizing dialysis conditions is essential for efficient flow-based polymer recycling using RAFT.