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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 17, 2026

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Extracellular vesicles released from human amniotic fluid stem cells modulate macrophages.

Yushi Abe1,2, Daigo Ochiai3,4, Yosuke Matsumiya5

  • 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. yushi.abe@keio.jp.

Molecular Biology Reports
|September 18, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Human amniotic fluid stem cells (hAFSCs) secrete extracellular vesicles (EVs) that target inflammatory macrophages via CD44. This discovery offers potential therapeutic strategies for modulating immune responses in perinatal medicine.

Keywords:
Amniotic fluid stem cellCD44Extracellular vesicleImmunomodulationInflammatory cytokineMacrophage

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Area of Science:

  • Perinatal Medicine
  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Human amniotic fluid stem cells (hAFSCs) produce extracellular vesicles (EVs) that influence fetal immunity.
  • Targeting inflammatory macrophage phenotypes presents a therapeutic opportunity in perinatal medicine due to their reliance on innate responses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if the CD44 surface marker on hAFSC-EVs acts as a delivery mechanism for preferential uptake by inflammatory macrophages.
  • To explore the therapeutic potential of hAFSC-EVs in regulating macrophage inflammatory responses.

Main Methods:

  • Isolation and characterization of hAFSCs and hAFSC-EVs using techniques like flow cytometry and electron microscopy.
  • Co-culture of hAFSC-EVs with THP-1 derived macrophages to assess uptake and phenotypic changes.
  • Inhibition of CD44 expression to evaluate its role in EV uptake and subsequent cytokine expression.

Main Results:

  • Inhibiting CD44 on hAFSC-EVs blocked their uptake by macrophages.
  • Blocking EV uptake altered macrophage cellular phenotype and suppressed pro-inflammatory cytokine expression.
  • CD44-positive hAFSC-EVs were identified as crucial for the anti-inflammatory effects of hAFSCs.

Conclusions:

  • hAFSC-EVs utilize CD44 for targeted delivery into inflammatory macrophages.
  • These findings highlight the potential of hAFSC-EVs as a therapeutic tool for managing inflammatory conditions in perinatal medicine.