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Related Concept Videos

Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment01:28

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Angle-closure glaucoma, or closed-angle glaucoma, is an eye condition where the iris bulges out and blocks the iridocorneal angle, resulting in a buildup of aqueous humor and increased intraocular pressure. Immediate medical attention is necessary due to the sudden onset of symptoms. The treatment for angle-closure glaucoma includes short-term and long-term approaches. Short-term treatment involves using eye drops like pilocarpine to lower intraocular pressure by increasing aqueous humor...
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In open-angle glaucoma, the iridocorneal angle remains open, but the trabecular meshwork becomes stiff, slowing down the outflow of aqueous humor. This causes a buildup of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber, leading to a sudden increase in intraocular pressure. The treatment for open-angle glaucoma focuses on reducing the elevated intraocular pressure by either decreasing the secretion of aqueous humor or increasing its outflow.
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Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 17, 2026

Assessing Early Stage Open-Angle Glaucoma in Patients by Isolated-Check Visual Evoked Potential
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Acute Angle Closure Incidence in a Large Countywide Safety Net Teleretinal Screening Program.

Tracy Z Lang1, Benjamin Y Xu1, Zhiwei Li2

  • 1Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles.

JAMA Ophthalmology
|September 18, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pharmacologic pupillary dilation is safe for eye exams, with acute angle closure (AAC) risk being very low (0.002%). This study validates using ICD codes to identify AAC cases after dilation.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Public Health
  • Medical Informatics

Background:

  • Pharmacologic pupillary dilation is crucial for diagnosing eye diseases.
  • Concerns about triggering acute angle closure (AAC), an ophthalmic emergency, often lead to avoidance of dilation.
  • Validating methods for identifying AAC cases is essential for patient safety and research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the incidence of AAC following pharmacologic pupillary dilation.
  • To assess the accuracy of International Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes in identifying AAC cases post-dilation.
  • To evaluate the safety of dilation in a large-scale diabetic retinopathy screening program.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective cohort study of patients in a teleretinal diabetic retinopathy screening (TDRS) program.
  • Identification of potential AAC cases using ICD codes and procedural codes within specific timeframes post-dilation.
  • Manual medical record review for AAC case verification and data extraction.

Main Results:

  • A total of 168,796 dilations were performed on 84,008 patients.
  • Four confirmed cases of AAC occurred post-dilation, resulting in an incidence of 0.002% per dilation.
  • The risk of AAC was found to be low, particularly within a high-volume screening program serving a diverse population.

Conclusions:

  • Pharmacologic pupillary dilation demonstrates a low risk of inducing acute angle closure, even in a diverse, high-volume screening setting.
  • The findings support the overall safety of pupillary dilation for eye disease screening.
  • Further discussion regarding the contraindication of AAC risk for dilation is warranted.