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Cognitive Function in People With Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Over 2 Years.

Kimberly A O'Neill1, Leigh Charvet1, Michael Waltz2

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Most children with pediatric multiple sclerosis (MS) maintained stable cognitive function over two years, similar to healthy peers. However, a small group experienced declines in processing speed, highlighting the need for monitoring cognitive health in pediatric MS patients.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Pediatrics
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Pediatric multiple sclerosis (MS) impacts children's neurological and cognitive development.
  • Longitudinal studies on cognitive function in pediatric MS are limited.
  • Cognitive impairment is a known concern in pediatric MS.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To longitudinally assess cognitive functioning in children with MS over two years.
  • To compare cognitive changes in pediatric MS patients with age-matched healthy controls (HCs).
  • To investigate cognitive changes in pediatric MS compared to adults with early-onset MS.

Main Methods:

  • Recruited three cohorts: pediatric MS, pediatric HCs, and adult MS patients across seven US sites.
  • Administered Cogstate Brief Battery (CBB) and Brief International Cognition Assessment for MS (BICAMS) at baseline and follow-up.
  • Analyzed changes in composite z-scores and individual cognitive measures, calculating reliable change indices (RCIs).

Main Results:

  • No significant differences in CBB composite z-score changes between pediatric MS and pediatric HCs (p=0.113).
  • Pediatric MS and adult MS groups also showed similar cognitive change (p=0.987).
  • While 80% of pediatric MS patients were stable or improved, 19.7% declined cognitively compared to 5.1% of controls (p=0.022).

Conclusions:

  • Most pediatric MS patients exhibit stable cognitive function over a two-year period.
  • Cognitive changes in pediatric MS are largely comparable to those in healthy pediatric controls.
  • A subset of pediatric MS patients may experience a decline in cognitive processing speed over time.