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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 17, 2026

Author Spotlight: Modeling an Aspect of Preeclampsia in Female Mice Using Hypoxic Human Placenta-Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles
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Preeclampsia is associated with placental complement C4d deposition.

E Pierik1, M H de Jong-Schoots2, M Bulthuis2

  • 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.

Placenta
|September 18, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Preeclampsia is linked to increased placental C4d deposition, especially in early-onset cases. This suggests the complement system plays a role in preeclampsia development, warranting further subtype-specific research.

Keywords:
C4dComplement systemEarly onset preeclampsiaPlacentaPreeclampsia

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Obstetrics
  • Pathophysiology

Background:

  • Preeclampsia poses significant risks to maternal and infant health.
  • The role of the complement system in preeclampsia pathogenesis is not well understood.
  • Immune factor alterations are implicated in preeclampsia, but complement system involvement requires further study.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate placental complement deposition differences in preeclampsia.
  • To compare early-onset preeclampsia, late-onset preeclampsia, healthy term, and spontaneous preterm birth placentas.
  • To examine the deposition of specific complement factors (C1q, C4d, C3d, C5b-9, CD59) in placental tissues.

Main Methods:

  • Immunohistochemistry was used to analyze placental tissues.
  • Placentas from early onset preeclampsia (n=26), late onset preeclampsia (n=26), healthy term controls (n=24), and spontaneous preterm births (n=14) were examined.
  • Specific complement proteins (C1q, C4d, C3d, C5b-9, CD59) were targeted for deposition analysis.

Main Results:

  • C4d deposition was found in trophoblasts of 25.5% of preeclampsia cases, significantly differing from healthy controls.
  • Early-onset preeclampsia showed significantly higher C4d deposition compared to healthy term and spontaneous preterm births.
  • No significant differences in C1q, C3d, C5b-9, or CD59 deposition were observed between the study groups.

Conclusions:

  • Increased C4d deposition in early-onset preeclampsia placentas suggests a role for the complement system.
  • These findings highlight the complexity of preeclampsia and the need for subtype-specific research.
  • Further investigation into the complement system's involvement in preeclampsia pathophysiology is warranted.