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Related Concept Videos

Chronic Kidney Disease III: Interprofessional Care01:28

Chronic Kidney Disease III: Interprofessional Care

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Chronic kidney disease (CKD) requires collaborative and comprehensive management. CKD progresses through stages and can lead to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) if untreated. Interprofessional collaboration and patient education are crucial, enabling patients to manage their health and improve their quality of life.Diagnostic approach for chronic kidney diseaseThe diagnosis of CKD primarily focuses on the glomerular filtration rate (GFR), which assesses kidney function by measuring how well...
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Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention01:30

Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention

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Accurate diagnosis and effective prevention are critical in managing Acute Kidney Injury (AKI), which is linked to high mortality rates ranging from 10% to 80%. Timely recognition of at-risk patients and careful monitoring can significantly reduce the likelihood of kidney damage.Diagnostic Assessments:The diagnostic process starts with a comprehensive medical history to identify prerenal, intrarenal, and postrenal causes.Prerenal causes, such as dehydration, hypotension, or blood loss, should...
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Chronic Kidney Disease IV: Nursing Management01:18

Chronic Kidney Disease IV: Nursing Management

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Nursing management is essential for preventing complications, maintaining stability, and improving patients' quality of life in chronic kidney disease (CKD). By using a structured approach, nurses help slow CKD progression and support effective patient care​.1. Comprehensive patient assessmentEffective management begins with nurses reviewing the patient’s medical history, and identifying key risk factors like diabetes, hypertension, and nephrotoxic drug use. Nurses assess signs of...
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Chronic Kidney Disease II: Clinical Manifestations01:24

Chronic Kidney Disease II: Clinical Manifestations

557
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) progressively impairs multiple body systems due to the accumulation of uremic toxins, which disrupt cellular functions across various organs.Neurologic symptomsNeurologic symptoms often arise early in CKD, as uremic toxin buildup drives changes in cognitive and motor functions. Patients frequently experience fatigue, headache, confusion, difficulty concentrating, and, in severe cases, seizures. Peripheral neuropathy commonly manifests as burning sensations in the...
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Chronic Kidney Disease I: Introduction01:25

Chronic Kidney Disease I: Introduction

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Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) arises when the kidneys progressively lose their ability to function, ultimately leading to end-stage renal disease. At this advanced stage, the kidneys can no longer filter waste or maintain essential body functions, requiring renal replacement therapy (RRT) through dialysis or a kidney transplant for survival.Early-stage chronic kidney disease and detection challengesIn CKD's early stages, symptoms often remain absent because healthy nephrons compensate for...
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Acute Kidney Injury V: Interprofessional Care01:20

Acute Kidney Injury V: Interprofessional Care

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Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) requires a collaborative healthcare approach to restore renal function and prevent complications. Essential management strategies involve monitoring fluid and electrolyte balance, adjusting medications, initiating dialysis when necessary, and providing nutritional support.Fluid and Electrolyte ManagementFluid Monitoring: Regularly monitoring body weight, central venous pressure, and urine output helps detect fluid imbalances early. Patient intake and output are...
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Identification of the Source of Secreted Proteins in the Kidney by Brefeldin A Injection
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Targeting Inflammation in CKD.

Kristen L Nowak1, Michel Chonchol1

  • 1Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.

American Journal of Kidney Diseases : the Official Journal of the National Kidney Foundation
|September 18, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Targeting chronic inflammation pathways shows promise for slowing kidney disease progression and reducing cardiovascular disease risk in patients with chronic kidney disease. Ongoing trials investigate therapies like anti-cytokine treatments.

Keywords:
Anti-cytokine therapyNLRP3 inflammasomechronic kidney diseaseclinical trialsinflammationinterleukin-1interleukin-6

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Nephrology
  • Cardiology

Background:

  • Chronic systemic inflammation, driven by innate immune activation, significantly contributes to chronic kidney disease (CKD) and its complications, including atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease (CVD).
  • Targeting inflammatory pathways represents a novel therapeutic strategy investigated over the last 15 years to mitigate CVD risk in CKD patients and slow kidney disease progression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current and emerging anti-inflammatory therapeutic strategies for managing chronic kidney disease and associated cardiovascular risks.
  • To highlight ongoing clinical trials investigating novel targets within inflammatory pathways for CKD patients.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent and ongoing clinical trials focused on targeting specific inflammatory mediators and pathways in patients with chronic kidney disease.
  • Examination of therapies including interleukin-1 (IL-1) and IL-1 receptor inhibitors, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-6 receptor inhibitors, NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitors, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) activators, and senolytics.

Main Results:

  • Several anti-inflammatory targets, including IL-1, IL-6, NLRP3 inflammasome, Nrf2, and senolytics, are under active investigation in clinical trials for CKD patients.
  • These trials aim to assess the efficacy of these novel therapies in reducing atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk and slowing the progression of kidney disease.

Conclusions:

  • Targeting inflammatory pathways offers a promising avenue for managing CKD and its cardiovascular complications.
  • Despite promising research, challenges and considerations remain for the clinical implementation of these anticytokine therapies, pending results from ongoing Phase 3 trials.