Isolation, Identification, and Comprehensive Genomic Characterization of a Bovine Rotavirus G10P[11] Strain in China

Rotavirus is a principal infectious agent of diarrhea in both animals and humans, causing acute gastroenteritis with symptoms such as abdominal pain, fever, nausea, and vomiting. Bovine rotavirus (BRVA) not only causes illness in cattle but also poses a risk to human health through direct transmission or reassortment among different virus strains. Here, quantitative RT-PCR for the NSP5 gene was applied to pinpoint BRVA in six fecal specimens from calves. A positive sample was identified and further examined using MA104 cells to isolate the virus. The isolate was then identified through RT-PCR, indirect immunofluorescence assays, and transmission electron microscopy. Genotyping and phylogenetic examination of the entire genome were performed via standard bioinformatics methods. A unique G10P[11] rotavirus strain, named SHH2023001, was identified in a fecal sample from a calf suffering from severe diarrhea in Shanghai, China. Whole genome sequencing revealed a unique genomic configuration of G10-P[11]-I2-R2-C2-M2-A11-N2-T6-E2-H3 for the 11 segments. Notably, these segments likely result from reassortment events involving rotavirus strains from humans, cattle, sheep, and horses. This study is the first to report the G10P[11] genotype constellation in Shanghai, highlighting the genetic diversity and potential for interspecies transmission of calf rotavirus.