Fluid and Electrolyte Therapy in the Patient with Kidney Injury

In small animals with kidney injuries, fluid therapy is the cornerstone of supportive care. Although fluids do not repair kidney damage, appropriate therapy can stabilize the patient, correct fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base imbalances, and provide vital support. The primary goals are to rescue the animal, optimize systemic perfusion and renal hemodynamics, and restore hydration without causing fluid overload. Isotonic crystalloids are the fluids typically administered first, but fluid therapy of the animal with kidney injury commonly must be individually adjusted to meet unpredictable and changing needs during the course of the treatment.