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Updated: Jan 17, 2026

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Photonic-electronic arbitrary-waveform generation using quadrature multiplexing and active optical-phase

Christoph Füllner1, Alban Sherifaj2, Thomas Henauer3

  • 1Institute of Photonics and Quantum Electronics (IPQ), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany. christoph.fuellner@kit.edu.

Nature Communications
|September 18, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a novel photonic-electronic waveform generator. This technology overcomes electronic limitations, enabling high-bandwidth electrical signal generation for advanced applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Photonics and Electrical Engineering
  • High-Frequency Signal Generation

Background:

  • Conventional electronic digital-to-analog converters face challenges scaling to bandwidths exceeding 100 GHz.
  • Limitations include circuit design, packaging, and system integration complexities for high-bandwidth waveform generation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate a photonic-electronic signal processing technique for generating ultra-high bandwidth electrical waveforms.
  • To overcome the limitations of purely electronic waveform generation methods.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized quadrature multiplexing in the optical domain.
  • Employed phase-stabilized coherent down-conversion to the electrical domain.
  • Integrated photonic and electronic components for signal processing.

Main Results:

  • Successfully generated electrical multi-level data signals at symbol rates up to 200 GBd.
  • Achieved signal quality competitive with state-of-the-art electronic systems.
  • Demonstrated a proof-of-concept for the photonic-electronic waveform generator.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed photonic-electronic approach offers a viable path for waveform generation beyond current microelectronic bandwidth limits.
  • Leverages advancements in photonic integration technologies.
  • Presents an attractive solution for high-speed communications, radar, and test equipment.