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Related Concept Videos

Diamagnetism01:26

Diamagnetism

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Materials consisting of paired electrons have zero net magnetic moments. However, when these materials are placed under an external magnetic field, the moments opposite to the field are induced. Such materials are called diamagnets. Diamagnetism is the response of the diamagnets when placed in an external magnetic field.
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A moving charge or a current creates a magnetic field in the surrounding space, in addition to its electric field. The magnetic field exerts a force on any other moving charge or current that is present in the field. Like an electric field, the magnetic field is also a vector field. At any position, the direction of the magnetic field is defined as the direction in which the north pole of a compass needle points.
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Ferromagnetism01:31

Ferromagnetism

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Materials like iron, nickel, and cobalt consist of magnetic domains, within which the magnetic dipoles are arranged parallel to each other. The magnetic dipoles are rigidly aligned in the same direction within a domain by quantum mechanical coupling among the atoms. This coupling is so strong that even thermal agitation at room temperature cannot break it. The result is that each domain has a net dipole moment. However, some materials have weaker coupling, and are ferromagnetic at lower...
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Lenz's Law

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The direction in which the induced emf drives the current around a wire loop can be found through the negative sign. However, it is usually easier to determine this direction with Lenz's law, named in honor of its discoverer, Heinrich Lenz (1804–1865). Lenz's law states that the direction of the induced emf drives the current around a wire loop always to oppose the change in magnetic flux that causes the emf.
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An emf is induced when the magnetic field in a coil is changed by pushing a bar magnet into or out of the coil. emfs of opposite signs are produced by motion in opposite directions, and the directions of emfs are also reversed by reversing poles. The same results are produced if the coil is moved rather than the magnet—it is the relative motion that is important. The faster the motion, the greater the emf. Additionally, there is no emf when the magnet is stationary relative to the coil.
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Paramagnetism01:30

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Paramagnets are materials with unpaired electrons that possess a finite magnetic moment. In the absence of a magnetic field, these moments are randomly oriented, and thus the net moment is zero. Under an external field, a torque acting on the moments tends to align them along the field's direction. However, the random thermal motion of electrons produces a torque opposite to the external field and tries to disorient the moments. These two competing effects align only a few moments along the...
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Photoinduced non-reciprocal magnetism.

Ryo Hanai1, Daiki Ootsuki2, Rina Tazai3

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This summary is machine-generated.

Scientists engineered non-reciprocal interactions in solid-state systems using light. This breakthrough enables new quantum phenomena and control over quantum matter, moving beyond equilibrium limitations.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Quantum Optics
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Non-reciprocal interactions, where action-reaction symmetry is broken out of equilibrium, drive novel collective phenomena.
  • Implementing these interactions in solid-state systems is difficult due to the need for precise single-site control in existing quantum schemes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a novel dissipation-engineering protocol for inducing non-reciprocal interactions in solid-state systems using light.
  • To demonstrate the feasibility of this protocol with current experimental techniques.

Main Methods:

  • A dissipation-engineering protocol using light injection to create a decay channel to a virtually excited state.
  • Microscopic analysis of magnetic metals to observe induced non-reciprocal spin interactions.
  • Application of the scheme to layered ferromagnets to study phase transitions.

Main Results:

  • Successfully induced non-reciprocal interactions between localized spins in magnetic metals, leading to chase-and-runaway dynamics.
  • Observed a non-reciprocal phase transition to a many-body time-dependent chiral phase in layered ferromagnets.
  • Demonstrated that light can be used to engineer non-reciprocal interactions in solid-state platforms.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed protocol offers a viable route to realize non-reciprocal interactions in solid-state systems.
  • This work opens new avenues for controlling quantum matter with light and exploring non-equilibrium physics.
  • It bridges the gap between classical active systems and solid-state quantum platforms in the context of non-reciprocity.