From batch to continuous in electrocoagulation: key parameters for efficient scaling in water treatment

Area of Science:

• Environmental Engineering
• Water Treatment Technologies
• Chemical Engineering

Background:

• Recalcitrant compounds in water and wastewater pose challenges to conventional treatment methods.
• Electrocoagulation offers an efficient alternative by generating coagulants in situ and reducing chemical additives.
• Conventional methods often suffer from low efficiency, high reagent consumption, and undesirable by-products.

Purpose of the Study:

• To identify key constructional and operational parameters influencing the efficiency of transitioning electrocoagulation from batch to continuous systems.
• To provide practical guidance for the industrial-scale application of continuous electrocoagulation.

Main Methods:

• A scientometric review using the PRISMA methodology.
• Statistical analysis of 60 articles from Scopus and Web of Science databases.
• Investigation of parameters affecting pollutant removal efficiency in electrocoagulation.

Main Results:

• Aluminum and iron electrodes were predominantly used, with COD, turbidity, and apparent color being the most studied pollutants.
• Initial pH and electrode spacing positively influenced efficiency; current density and electrode area showed a negative correlation.
• Average removal efficiency was comparable between batch and continuous electrocoagulation modes (p > 0.05).

Conclusions:

• Transitioning electrocoagulation from batch to continuous reactors is feasible.
• Optimizing operational and constructional parameters is crucial for successful continuous system implementation.
• The study offers practical insights for scaling up electrocoagulation processes for industrial wastewater treatment.