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Updated: Jan 17, 2026

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Mineralization Controls Informative Biomarker Preservation Associated With Soft Part Fossilization in Deep Time.

Madison Tripp1, Jasmina Wiemann2,3,4, Luke Brosnan1

  • 1Western Australian Organic and Isotope Geochemistry Centre, School of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia.

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|September 19, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Early diagenetic carbonate minerals, not phosphates, preferentially preserve lipid biomarkers in fossils. This discovery highlights carbonates as key sites for finding molecular evidence of ancient life.

Keywords:
Raman spectroscopybiomarkerscarbonate concretionscoprolitesorganic geochemistryphosphatizationtime of flight‐secondary ion mass spectrometry

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Area of Science:

  • Paleobiology and Geochemistry
  • Organic geochemistry and fossil preservation
  • Biomarker analysis in geological samples

Background:

  • Diagenetically mineralized fossil tissues offer crucial paleobiological insights.
  • The link between mineral precipitation and lipid biomarker preservation is not well understood.
  • Coprolites contain diverse early diagenetic minerals, potentially preserving lipids alongside morphology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between localized diagenetic mineral precipitation and lipid biomarker preservation.
  • To determine if steroid preservation in carbonate phases is specific to certain fossil sites or a generalizable pattern.

Main Methods:

  • Time of flight-secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) spatial compound mapping of a Carboniferous coprolite.
  • Raman spectroscopic fingerprinting of organic-rich fossils from various sites and time periods.
  • Analysis of organomineral associations within fossilized tissues.

Main Results:

  • A C27 dietary sterane (cholestane) was found associated with iron carbonate, not phosphate, in a Mazon Creek coprolite.
  • Spectroscopic analyses revealed a significant positive correlation between lipid biomarker signatures and carbonate minerals across multiple fossil samples.
  • This pattern held true for soft-part fossils at the Mazon Creek site and across Phanerozoic time and space.

Conclusions:

  • Early diagenetic carbonate minerals play a crucial role in immobilizing and shielding labile lipid biomarkers from degradation.
  • Carbonate phases are preferential sites for the preservation of lipid-based biological information in the fossil record.
  • Understanding organomineral associations is a new avenue for studying the long-term survival of biomolecules.