Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Residual Plots01:07

Residual Plots

6.2K
A residual plot is a statistical representation of data used to analyze correlation and regression results. It helps verify the requirements for drawing specific conclusions about correlation and regression. To obtain the residual plot, first, the residual for each data value is calculated, which is simply the vertical distance between the observed and the predicted value obtained from the regression equation.
When the residual values are plotted against the variable x, it is called a residual...
6.2K
Residuals and Least-Squares Property01:11

Residuals and Least-Squares Property

9.1K
The vertical distance between the actual value of y and the estimated value of y. In other words, it measures the vertical distance between the actual data point and the predicted point on the line
If the observed data point lies above the line, the residual is positive, and the line underestimates the actual data value for y. If the observed data point lies below the line, the residual is negative, and the line overestimates the actual data value for y.
The process of fitting the best-fit...
9.1K
Mechanistic Models: Compartment Models in Individual and Population Analysis01:23

Mechanistic Models: Compartment Models in Individual and Population Analysis

250
Mechanistic models are utilized in individual analysis using single-source data, but imperfections arise due to data collection errors, preventing perfect prediction of observed data. The mathematical equation involves known values (Xi), observed concentrations (Ci), measurement errors (εi), model parameters (ϕj), and the related function (ƒi) for i number of values. Different least-squares metrics quantify differences between predicted and observed values. The ordinary least...
250
Mechanistic Models: Compartment Models in Algorithms for Numerical Problem Solving01:29

Mechanistic Models: Compartment Models in Algorithms for Numerical Problem Solving

292
Mechanistic models play a crucial role in algorithms for numerical problem-solving, particularly in nonlinear mixed effects modeling (NMEM). These models aim to minimize specific objective functions by evaluating various parameter estimates, leading to the development of systematic algorithms. In some cases, linearization techniques approximate the model using linear equations.
In individual population analyses, different algorithms are employed, such as Cauchy's method, which uses a...
292
Parametric Survival Analysis: Weibull and Exponential Methods01:14

Parametric Survival Analysis: Weibull and Exponential Methods

1.0K
Parametric survival analysis models survival data by assuming a specific probability distribution for the time until an event occurs. The Weibull and exponential distributions are two of the most commonly used methods in this context, due to their versatility and relatively straightforward application.
Weibull Distribution
The Weibull distribution is a flexible model used in parametric survival analysis. It can handle both increasing and decreasing hazard rates, depending on its shape parameter...
1.0K
Normal Distribution01:11

Normal Distribution

16.5K
The normal, a continuous distribution, is the most important of all the distributions. Its graph is a bell-shaped symmetrical curve, which is observed in almost all disciplines. Some of these include psychology, business, economics, the sciences, nursing, and, of course, mathematics. Some instructors may use the normal distribution to help determine students’ grades. Most IQ scores are normally distributed. Often real-estate prices fit a normal distribution. The normal distribution is...
16.5K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The Q-Matrix Anchored Mixture Rasch Model.

Frontiers in psychology·2021
Same journal

Bayesian Machine Learning Tools for Alcohol Use Disorder Research: The bpaup R Package.

Multivariate behavioral research·2026
Same journal

A Unified Framework for Jointly modelling Response Times and Item Position Effects in Computer-Based Learning Assessments.

Multivariate behavioral research·2026
Same journal

Generalizability Theory Applied to Daily Relationship Quality: Substantive and Statistical Directions.

Multivariate behavioral research·2026
Same journal

A Modularized Higher-Order Diagnostic Classification Model for Clustered Attribute Hierarchies.

Multivariate behavioral research·2026
Same journal

Generalizing Causal Effects to a Target Population Without Individual-Level Data from the Target Population.

Multivariate behavioral research·2026
Same journal

betaselectr: Selective (and Proper) Standardization in Structural Equation Models.

Multivariate behavioral research·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 17, 2026

Development of an Individual-Tree Basal Area Increment Model using a Linear Mixed-Effects Approach
04:35

Development of an Individual-Tree Basal Area Increment Model using a Linear Mixed-Effects Approach

Published on: July 3, 2020

3.7K

Residual Structural Equation Modeling with Nonnormal Distribution.

Ming-Chi Tseng1

  • 1Department of Education, National University of Tainan, Tainan, Taiwan.

Multivariate Behavioral Research
|September 19, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Ignoring nonnormal distributions in Random Effects Structural Equation Models (RSEM) biases parameter estimation. Properly testing and estimating nonnormality in mixture Random Intercept Autoregressive (RI-AR) or Cross-Lagged Panel Models (RI-CLPM) ensures accurate results.

Keywords:
Residual structural equation modelingmixture RI-AR modelmixture RI-CLPMnonnormal distribution

More Related Videos

Using Cholesky Decomposition to Explore Individual Differences in Longitudinal Relations between Reading Skills
06:52

Using Cholesky Decomposition to Explore Individual Differences in Longitudinal Relations between Reading Skills

Published on: September 17, 2019

6.7K
Lexical Decision Task for Studying Written Word Recognition in Adults with and without Dementia or Mild Cognitive Impairment
06:48

Lexical Decision Task for Studying Written Word Recognition in Adults with and without Dementia or Mild Cognitive Impairment

Published on: June 25, 2019

9.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 17, 2026

Development of an Individual-Tree Basal Area Increment Model using a Linear Mixed-Effects Approach
04:35

Development of an Individual-Tree Basal Area Increment Model using a Linear Mixed-Effects Approach

Published on: July 3, 2020

3.7K
Using Cholesky Decomposition to Explore Individual Differences in Longitudinal Relations between Reading Skills
06:52

Using Cholesky Decomposition to Explore Individual Differences in Longitudinal Relations between Reading Skills

Published on: September 17, 2019

6.7K
Lexical Decision Task for Studying Written Word Recognition in Adults with and without Dementia or Mild Cognitive Impairment
06:48

Lexical Decision Task for Studying Written Word Recognition in Adults with and without Dementia or Mild Cognitive Impairment

Published on: June 25, 2019

9.7K

Area of Science:

  • Quantitative Psychology
  • Statistical Modeling
  • Econometrics

Background:

  • Random Effects Structural Equation Models (RSEM) are widely used.
  • Assumption of normality is common but can be violated.
  • Nonnormality impacts parameter estimation accuracy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the consequences of ignoring nonnormal distributions in RSEM.
  • To assess the impact on parameter estimation in the second residual structure.
  • To provide recommendations for model construction.

Main Methods:

  • Simulation studies were conducted.
  • Mixture Random Intercept Autoregressive (RI-AR) and Cross-Lagged Panel Models (RI-CLPM) were utilized.
  • Parameter estimation under normal and nonnormal distribution assumptions was compared.

Main Results:

  • Ignoring nonnormality in RSEM leads to biased autoregressive and cross-lagged parameter estimates.
  • Failure to test and estimate nonnormality results in inaccurate inferences.
  • Accurate estimation requires addressing nonnormality in mixture RI-AR and RI-CLPM.

Conclusions:

  • Testing and estimating nonnormal distributions are critical for mixture RI-AR and RI-CLPM.
  • Adherence to these methods ensures unbiased parameter estimation.
  • Violating these assumptions leads to erroneous statistical inferences.