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Migraine and Restless Legs Syndrome: A Meta-Analysis.
Florindo d'Onofrio1, Maria Cropano2,3, Giada Panzino4
1Stroke Unit, San Giuseppe Moscati, Hospital Avellino, Avellino, Italy.
Journal of Sleep Research
|September 19, 2025
Summary
Restless legs syndrome affects 20% of migraine patients, particularly those with longer migraine duration, greater disability, and older age. Depression and poor sleep quality are linked to this common comorbidity.
Area of Science:
- Neurology
- Sleep Medicine
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a sensorimotor disorder impacting sleep-wake regulation.
- Migraine frequently coexists with RLS, diminishing patients' quality of life.
Purpose of the Study:
- To estimate the prevalence of RLS in individuals with migraine.
- To explore clinical, demographic, and behavioral factors associated with RLS in migraine patients.
Main Methods:
- A systematic review and meta-analysis of 30 relevant studies.
- Prevalence estimation using proportions from included articles.
Main Results:
- The pooled prevalence of RLS in migraine patients was 20% (95% CI: 17%-23%).
- Higher RLS prevalence was associated with longer migraine duration, greater migraine-related disability, and older age.
- RLS showed significant associations with migraine with aura, chronic migraine, depression, pain, and poor sleep quality.
Conclusions:
- RLS is a common comorbidity in migraine, especially in chronic migraine and migraine with aura.
- Identifying demographic, clinical, and behavioral risk factors can aid in early detection.
- Further research is needed to understand pathophysiological mechanisms and develop therapeutic targets.
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