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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 17, 2026

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A Wearable Open-Source Neuroprosthesis/Neuro-Orthosis for Restoring Hand Function.

Rune Thorsen1, Maurizio Ferrarin1

  • 1IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS, Via Capecelatro 66, 20148 Milano, Italy.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|September 19, 2025
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces an open-source wearable system using electromyography (EMG) and functional electrical stimulation (FES) to restore hand function for individuals with spinal cord injuries or stroke. The affordable device aids grasping and rehabilitation, promoting accessibility and innovation.

Keywords:
assistive technologymyoelectrically controlled functional electrical stimulationneuroprosthesisopen-source hardwarespinal cord injurystroke rehabilitation

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Rehabilitation Technology
  • Neuroprosthetics

Background:

  • Cervical spinal cord injuries and stroke often result in significant hand dysfunction.
  • Existing assistive and rehabilitative technologies can be costly and lack customization.
  • Restoring hand function is crucial for independence and quality of life.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a wearable, open-source system integrating electromyography (EMG) and functional electrical stimulation (FES).
  • To restore hand function in individuals with disabilities from cervical spinal cord injuries or stroke.
  • To provide an affordable, customizable, and accessible solution for hand rehabilitation.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a system capturing volitional muscle signals (EMG) to interpret movement intent.
  • Utilized analyzed EMG data to trigger functional electrical stimulation (FES) of impaired muscles.
  • Designed modular hardware, software, and 3D-printable components, shared via GitHub for accessibility.

Main Results:

  • The system successfully translates user intent into muscle stimulation for hand movement.
  • Demonstrated the system's efficacy as both an orthotic device for grasping and a therapeutic tool for rehabilitation.
  • Highlighted the system's affordability, modularity, and ease of customization.

Conclusions:

  • The developed EMG-FES system offers a viable, user-centered approach to restoring hand function.
  • Open-source sharing of hardware, software, and designs promotes collaboration and innovation in assistive technology.
  • This initiative lowers barriers to advanced rehabilitation solutions for individuals with disabilities.