Priority-Aware Spectrum Management for QoS Optimization in Vehicular IoT

Vehicular Internet of Things (V-IoT) networks, sustained by a high-density deployment of roadside units and sensor-equipped vehicles, are currently at the edge of next-generation intelligent transportation system evolution. However, offering stable, low-latency, and energy-efficient communication in such heterogeneous and delay-prone environments is challenging due to limited spectral resources and diverse quality of service (QoS) requirements. This paper presents a Priority-Aware Spectrum Management (PASM) scheme for IoT-based vehicular networks. This dynamic spectrum access scheme integrates interweave, underlay, and coexistence modes to optimize spectrum utilization, energy efficiency, and throughput while minimizing blocking and interruption probabilities. The algorithm manages resources efficiently and gives proper attention to each device based on its priority, so all IoT devices, from high to low priority, receive continuous and reliable service. A Continuous-Time Markov Chain (CTMC) model is derived to analyze the proposed algorithm for various network loads. Simulation results indicate improved spectral efficiency, throughput, delay, and overall QoS compliance over conventional access methods. These findings establish that the proposed algorithm is a scalable solution for dynamic V-IoT environments.