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Pilot Study: Step Width Estimation with Body-Worn Magnetoelectric Sensors.

Johannes Hoffmann1, Erik Engelhardt1, Moritz Boueke1

  • 1Department of Electrical and Information Engineering, Kiel University, 24143 Kiel , Germany.

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|September 19, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a novel magnetic sensor system for accurately measuring step width, a key indicator of gait stability. The wearable technology shows high precision, offering potential for advanced wearable movement analysis.

Keywords:
gait analysisgait variabilitymagnetic motion trackingmagnetoelectric sensortechnical validation

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Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Wearable Technology
  • Gait Analysis

Background:

  • Step width is a critical clinical marker for assessing gait stability.
  • Current wearable inertial sensors lack direct spatial measurement capabilities for step width.
  • Accurate step width measurement is essential for clinical gait analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose and evaluate a magnetic estimation approach using magnetoelectric (ME) sensors for step width measurement.
  • To assess the accuracy and precision of the proposed magnetic system compared to optical motion capture (OMC).
  • To explore the potential of magnetic motion tracking in wearable gait stability assessment.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a system using a pair of shank-worn magnetoelectric (ME) sensors.
  • Recruited eight healthy participants for treadmill walking experiments.
  • Compared magnetic sensor estimations with optical motion capture (OMC) as a reference.
  • Evaluated accuracy using Mean Absolute Error (MAE) and precision using standard deviation of error.

Main Results:

  • Achieved high accuracy for step width (MAE ≤1 cm) and variability (<0.1 cm) in direct comparison with OMC.
  • Demonstrated encouraging precision (error SD <0.5 cm) and correlation (>0.88) in a more general comparison.
  • Observed a constant proxy bias (3.7-4.6 cm) in the general comparison due to differing anatomical references.

Conclusions:

  • The magnetic estimation approach shows high accuracy and precision for step width measurement.
  • The system holds significant potential for wearable gait stability assessment.
  • Magnetic motion tracking offers a viable alternative for spatial gait parameter estimation in wearable systems.