The Human Voice as a Digital Health Solution Leveraging Artificial Intelligence

The human voice is an important medium of communication and expression of feelings or thoughts. Disruption in the regulatory systems of the human voice can be analyzed and used as a diagnostic tool, labeling voice as a potential "biomarker". Conversational artificial intelligence is at the core of voice-powered technologies, enabling intelligent interactions between machines. Due to its richness and availability, voice can be leveraged for predictive analytics and enhanced healthcare insights. Utilizing this idea, we reviewed artificial intelligence (AI) models that have executed vocal analysis and their outcomes. Recordings undergo extraction of useful vocal features to be analyzed by neural networks and machine learning models. Studies reveal machine learning models to be superior to spectral analysis in dynamically combining the huge amount of data of vocal features. Clinical applications of a vocal biomarker exist in neurological diseases such as Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, psychological disorders, DM, CHF, CAD, aspiration, GERD, and pulmonary diseases, including COVID-19. The primary ethical challenge when incorporating voice as a diagnostic tool is that of privacy and security. To eliminate this, encryption methods exist to convert patient-identifiable vocal data into a more secure, private nature. Advancements in AI have expanded the capabilities and future potential of voice as a digital health solution.