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Towards a Novel Digital Twin Framework Proposal Within the Engineering Design Process for Future Engineers: An IoT

Angeliki Boltsi1, Dimitrios Kosmanos1, Apostolos Xenakis1

  • 1Department of Digital Systems, University of Thessaly, Geopolis Campus, 41500 Larissa, Greece.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|September 19, 2025
PubMed
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This study introduces a new framework integrating Digital Twins (DT) into the Engineering Design Process (EDP) for smart building Internet of Things (IoT) education. It enhances learning through real-time feedback, simulation, and hands-on experiments, preparing future engineers for Industry 4.0 challenges.

Area of Science:

  • Engineering Education
  • Internet of Things (IoT)
  • Digital Twin (DT) Technology

Background:

  • The rapid advancement of IoT technologies presents unique opportunities and challenges for engineering education.
  • Existing engineering curricula often lack integrated approaches for teaching complex, interconnected smart systems.
  • There is a need for pedagogical frameworks that bridge theoretical knowledge with practical application in Industry 4.0 contexts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a novel, comprehensive framework extending the Engineering Design Process (EDP) with a modular Digital Twin (DT) structure for smart building IoT applications in education.
  • To enable real-time system feedback, simulation-based design iteration, and hands-on experimentation within a pedagogical flow.
  • To prepare future engineers for interdisciplinary challenges in smart systems and digital transformation.
Keywords:
Digital Twin (DT)Engineering Design Process (EDP)IoTengineering educationsensors and actuatorssmart systems

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Main Methods:

  • Development of a seven-phase framework integrating DT into the EDP for IoT education.
  • Implementation of a practical use case involving an IoT-enabled meteorological station for real-time environmental monitoring and energy consumption analysis in a smart building.
  • Introduction of a hybrid pedagogical approach combining traditional hands-on methods with DT activities.

Main Results:

  • The proposed framework successfully guides learners from fundamental concepts to advanced applications like data visualization and system optimization.
  • The meteorological station use case demonstrated the framework's effectiveness in real-time monitoring and analysis.
  • The hybrid pedagogical approach fostered experimental learning, iterative design, and complex systems thinking.

Conclusions:

  • The integrated EDP-DT framework provides a robust methodology for teaching smart building IoT concepts.
  • This approach effectively bridges the gap between theoretical engineering knowledge and practical application.
  • The study contributes to better preparing engineers for the interdisciplinary demands of Industry 4.0.