PATHOGENESIS OF ACUTE DIABETIC CHARCOT ARTHROPATHY IN THE FOOT AND ANKLE: A COMPREHENSIVE LITERATURE REVIEW

Area of Science:

• Endocrinology and Metabolism
• Rheumatology
• Diabetic Complications

Background:

• Acute Diabetic Charcot Arthropathy (ADCA) is a severe complication of diabetes mellitus, frequently misdiagnosed.
• Peripheral neuropathy in diabetic patients increases susceptibility to ADCA.
• ADCA shares clinical similarities with cellulitis and deep vein thrombosis, complicating early diagnosis.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the pathophysiology of ADCA, focusing on early diagnostic markers.
• To explore the role of inflammatory cytokines and signaling pathways in ADCA progression.
• To discuss the impact of metabolic factors and comorbidities on ADCA development.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of ADCA pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management.
• Analysis of inflammatory cytokine roles (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6) in bone and joint degeneration.
• Investigation of Wnt and IL-17 signaling pathways as potential therapeutic targets.

Main Results:

• ADCA is a complex condition driven by neuropathy, inflammation, and metabolic dysregulation.
• Inflammatory cytokines significantly contribute to bone loss and joint damage in ADCA.
• Wnt and IL-17 signaling pathways present potential targets for novel ADCA therapies.

Conclusions:

• Early diagnosis and intervention are critical for preventing ADCA progression and improving patient outcomes.
• A comprehensive management strategy, including stress reduction and patient education, is essential.
• Advances in clinical practice and research integration are vital for enhancing ADCA treatment.