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Chi-square Analysis02:46

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An Anatomical Study of Nerves at Risk During Minimally Invasive Hallux Valgus Surgery
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The Causal Relationship Between Multiple Modifiable Risk Factors and Hallux Valgus: A Two-Sample Mendelian

Siyi Liu1, Wanqin Zheng1, Haitao Chen1,2

  • 1Division of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan China.

Food Science & Nutrition
|September 19, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Smoking and higher body mass index (BMI) causally increase the risk of developing hallux valgus (HV), a common foot deformity. These findings identify key modifiable factors for targeted HV prevention strategies.

Keywords:
Mendelian randomization studyhallux valguslifestylemetabolic factorrisk factors

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Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Epidemiology
  • Orthopedics

Background:

  • Hallux valgus (HV) is a prevalent foot deformity with multifactorial etiology.
  • Understanding the causal role of modifiable lifestyle and metabolic factors is crucial for prevention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the causal associations between modifiable lifestyle/metabolic factors and hallux valgus (HV) risk using a Mendelian randomization (MR) approach.

Main Methods:

  • Selected independent genetic variants associated with lifestyle (smoking, alcohol, coffee, physical activity) and metabolic traits (BMI, blood pressure, lipids, diabetes).
  • Employed a two-sample MR design utilizing large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS) data.
  • Performed rigorous quality control for instrumental variables.

Main Results:

  • Genetically predicted smoking initiation and lifetime smoking were significantly associated with increased HV risk (ORs 1.23 and 1.79, respectively).
  • Higher body mass index (BMI) was also significantly associated with increased HV risk (OR 1.17).
  • No significant causal associations were found for other investigated lifestyle or metabolic factors.

Conclusions:

  • This study provides robust genetic evidence supporting a causal role for smoking and elevated BMI in the development of hallux valgus.
  • Identifying these modifiable risk factors offers potential targets for effective prevention and management strategies for HV.