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Risk Factors for Kidney Stone Disease in Nimroz, Afghanistan: A Retrospective Case-Control Study, 2021
Khwaja Mir Islam Saeed1, Mir Salamuddin Hakim1, Ajmal Zahed2
1Afghanistan Field Epidemiology Training Program (AFETP) Afghanistan National Public Health Institute Kabul Afghanistan.
Health Science Reports
|September 19, 2025
Summary
Kidney stone risk factors include family history, high BMI, and chronic illnesses. Diet, like high salt intake and low water consumption, also increases kidney stone risk.
Area of Science:
- Nephrology
- Public Health
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Kidney stone disease is a growing global health concern.
- Several factors contribute to kidney stone formation, including genetics, chronic conditions, and dietary habits.
- Increasing incidence patterns highlight the need for further research into risk factors.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify and analyze the risk factors associated with kidney stone disease.
- To investigate these risk factors within the population of Nimroz province, Afghanistan.
Main Methods:
- A hospital-based case-control study was conducted at Red Crescent Hospital in Nimroz.
- Data were collected via face-to-face interviews with 188 kidney stone cases and 190 controls.
- Statistical analyses included bivariate and multivariate logistic regression.
Main Results:
- Significant associations were found between kidney stones and occupation, BMI, family history, chronic diseases (kidney, heart), blood pressure, and asthma.
- Increased weekly egg and dairy consumption, higher daily salt intake, lower daily water intake, and older age were also linked to kidney stones.
- High risk was observed in individuals with a positive family history, BMI over 30, and chronic illnesses.
Conclusions:
- Family history, elevated BMI, chronic illnesses, and specific dietary patterns (high salt, low water, increased eggs/dairy) are significant risk factors for kidney stones.
- Community education on modifiable risk factors is crucial for prevention efforts.
- Findings provide valuable insights for public health strategies in Afghanistan.
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