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Metabolic States of the Body: Fasting and Starvation

Metabolic States of the Body: Fasting and Starvation

During the initial hours of fasting, the body uses up its glycogen stores as an energy source. Once these glycogen reserves are depleted, the body begins breaking down stored triglycerides and structural proteins. During this stage, glycerol becomes a key substrate for gluconeogenesis, while free fatty acids undergo beta-oxidation to provide energy for tissues, such as skeletal muscle. In the fasting state, the body spares protein breakdown as much as possible to conserve muscle and structural...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 17, 2026

Assessment of the Metabolic Effects of Isocaloric 2:1 Intermittent Fasting in Mice

Assessment of the Metabolic Effects of Isocaloric 2:1 Intermittent Fasting in Mice

Published on: November 27, 2019

Fasting Mimicking Diets Reverse Accelerated Biological Aging in Multiple Sclerosis.

Fatemeh Siavoshi¹, Matthew D Smith¹, Sandra Cassard¹

¹Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.

Annals of Neurology

|September 19, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Fasting-mimicking diets (FMDs) can reverse accelerated aging in people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS). Both modified ketogenic and intermittent calorie restriction diets significantly decreased metabolomic age, unlike daily calorie reduction.

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Last Updated: Jan 17, 2026

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Area of Science:

Gerontology
Neurology
Metabolomics

Background:

Accelerated biological aging is a characteristic of multiple sclerosis (MS).
Reversing aging processes may offer therapeutic benefits for people with MS (PwMS).

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the impact of dietary interventions on metabolomic age in PwMS.
To determine if fasting-mimicking diets (FMDs) can reverse accelerated aging in this population.

Main Methods:

Secondary analysis of two prior dietary intervention studies.
Intervention 1: 6-month modified ketogenic diet (n=39).
Intervention 2: 8-week intermittent vs. daily calorie restriction vs. weight-stable diet (n=36).

Main Results:

The modified ketogenic diet significantly decreased metabolomic age (p=0.009).
Intermittent calorie restriction significantly decreased metabolomic age (p=0.04).
Daily calorie reduction showed no significant effect on metabolomic age.

Conclusions:

Fasting-mimicking diets, including modified ketogenic and intermittent calorie restriction, can reverse accelerated metabolomic aging in people with multiple sclerosis.
These dietary strategies hold potential for mitigating age-related decline in PwMS.