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Related Concept Videos

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
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Updated: Jan 17, 2026

Analysis of Human T Cell Activity in an Allogeneic Co-Culture Setting of Pre-Treated Tumor Cells
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Cross-Cancer Analysis Reveals a Distinct Pattern of Immune Modulation During Curative Radiation Therapy.

Badr Id Said1, Giselle M Boukhaled2, Benjamin H Lok1

  • 1Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and University Health Network; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto.

International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics
|September 19, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Radiation therapy (RT) alters the immune system by increasing monocytes and decreasing natural killer and B cells. CD4 effector T cells declined in patients with distant metastases, indicating RT impacts immune cells in solid tumors.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology
  • Radiotherapy

Background:

  • Radiation therapy (RT) is a critical component of curative cancer treatment.
  • The systemic immune effects of RT are not fully understood.
  • Investigating RT-induced immune changes is crucial for optimizing cancer therapy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine systemic immune profile alterations in patients undergoing curative RT for solid tumors.
  • To correlate observed immune changes with patient outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Patients with localized head and neck, lung, rectal, or soft tissue sarcoma received curative RT.
  • Blood samples were collected at baseline and post-RT.
  • Multiplex Luminex cytokine assays and mass cytometry were employed to analyze immune cell populations and cytokine profiles.

Main Results:

  • RT led to increased levels of C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1.
  • Mass cytometry revealed an increase in monocytes and a decrease in natural killer and B cells post-RT.
  • A significant decrease in circulating CD4 effector T cells was observed in patients who developed distant metastases.

Conclusions:

  • RT induces a conserved pattern of immune alteration across various solid tumors.
  • These changes include an increase in protumoral myeloid cells and a reduction in lymphocytes.
  • Decreased CD4 effector T cells correlate with distant metastasis development, suggesting prognostic value.