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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 17, 2026

Objectively Assessing Sports Concussion Utilizing Visual Evoked Potentials

Objectively Assessing Sports Concussion Utilizing Visual Evoked Potentials

Published on: April 27, 2021

Peak Power: A Severity Measure for Head Acceleration Events Associated with Suspected Concussions.

Gregory Tierney¹, Ross Tucker^2,3, James Tooby⁴

¹Nanotechnology and Integrated Bioengineering Centre (NIBEC), School of Engineering, Ulster University, Belfast, UK. g.tierney@ulster.ac.uk.

Sports Medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)

|September 19, 2025

Summary

Peak power is the most effective measure for identifying head acceleration events leading to player removal in elite rugby. This finding, using instrumented mouthguards, applies consistently across men's and women's games.

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Area of Science:

Sports Medicine
Biomechanics
Concussion Research

Background:

Elite rugby union mandates immediate player removal for suspected concussions, utilizing the Head Injury Assessment 1 (HIA1) protocol.
Instrumented mouthguards (iMGs) offer a method to record head acceleration events (HAEs).

Purpose of the Study:

To identify a head acceleration event (HAE) severity measure associated with HIA1 removals in elite rugby union.
To evaluate the effectiveness of peak power, maximum principal strain (MPS), and Head Acceleration Response Metric (HARM) in predicting HIA1 removals.

Main Methods:

Retrospective analysis of HAEs recorded by iMGs in 215 men and 325 women rugby players.
Logistic regression used to compare HAE severity measures (peak power, MPS, HARM) against HIA1 removals.
Youden Index determined optimal thresholds; Area Under the Curve (AUC) compared metric performance.

Main Results:

All three HAE severity measures (peak power, HARM, MPS) were significantly associated with HIA1 removals in both men's and women's rugby.
Peak power demonstrated the most consistent association with HIA1 removals across both genders.
HARM and MPS showed lower performance compared to peak linear acceleration in women's rugby.

Conclusions:

Peak power, derived from fundamental mechanics, is the most effective metric for identifying HIA1 removals in elite rugby.
This study establishes a consistent HAE severity measure applicable across both male and female rugby players.
Findings support the use of peak power as a key indicator in concussion protocols for elite rugby.