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Neighborhood Racial and Ethnic Segregation and Obesity: A Systematic Review.

Yeonwoo Kim1, Yong Ju Cho2, Shaikh Ullahansari2

  • 1Department of Kinesiology, University of Texas at Arlington, 500 W, Nedderman Dr, Arlington, TX, 76019, USA. yeonwoo.kim@uta.edu.

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Neighborhood racial and ethnic segregation is linked to higher obesity rates in Black and Hispanic adults. Further research is needed to understand and address these health disparities.

Keywords:
Adult obesityChildhood obesityNeighborhood racial and ethnic segregationPublic health

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Social Epidemiology
  • Health Disparities

Background:

  • Obesity is a growing global health concern affecting all age groups.
  • Neighborhood racial and ethnic segregation is a significant social determinant of health, contributing to obesity disparities.
  • Understanding this association is crucial for developing targeted interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and synthesize research on the link between neighborhood racial and ethnic segregation and obesity.
  • To examine how this association varies across different racial and ethnic groups.
  • To identify potential mediating and moderating factors.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic review of 19 quantitative studies was conducted.
  • Studies were identified through searches of five electronic databases.
  • Data on study characteristics, outcomes, and mechanisms were extracted.

Main Results:

  • A positive association was found between neighborhood segregation and obesity in Black and Hispanic adults, especially Black women.
  • Findings were inconclusive for White, Asian, and American Indian adults.
  • Limited data exist on childhood obesity and the roles of neighborhood poverty and environment.

Conclusions:

  • Neighborhood racial and ethnic segregation significantly impacts obesity risk in certain populations.
  • Further longitudinal research is essential to elucidate mediating and moderating mechanisms.
  • Creating healthier neighborhood environments can help mitigate obesity disparities.