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Ge-Based Visible-Infrared Bipolar Floating-Gate Phototransistor for Broad-Spectrum Retinal Bionics.

Qiancui Zhang1, Yichi Zhang1,2, Xie Liu1

  • 1Key Laboratory of Analog Integrated Circuits and Systems (Ministry of Education), School of Integrated Circuits, Xidian University, Xi'an, 710071, China.

Advanced Science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)
|September 19, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a novel germanium-based phototransistor that mimics bipolar cell functions across visible and near-infrared light. This breakthrough advances artificial retinal systems and image processing for applications in vehicles and robots.

Keywords:
WSe2 photodetectorbipolar photoresponsebroad‐spectrumfloating‐gatehuman retina

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Neuroscience
  • Electrical Engineering

Background:

  • Bipolar cells in the retina are vital for visual signal processing, segregating information into ON and OFF pathways.
  • Current visual systems are limited to the visible light spectrum, restricting bipolar cell applications.
  • Artificial retinal systems require components that can mimic biological visual processing across broader spectra.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel phototransistor capable of mimicking broad-spectrum bipolar cell functionality.
  • To extend the utility of bipolar cell-like devices beyond artificial retinas to advanced image processing.
  • To create a single device exhibiting dual-band photoresponse for enhanced visual bionic chips.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of a germanium (Ge)-based floating-gate tungsten diselenide (WSe2) phototransistor.
  • Utilizing floating-gate non-volatile storage of electrons/holes to modulate WSe2 channel characteristics.
  • Employing distinct bottom gate voltage pulse modulations to create opposing Schottky built-in electric fields with multilayer graphene (MLG).
  • Leveraging Ge's near-infrared (NIR) light absorption and photogating effects for dual-band photoresponse.

Main Results:

  • The WSe2 phototransistor demonstrated non-volatile bipolar characteristics.
  • The device exhibited bipolar photoresponse under visible light illumination due to modulated Schottky built-in electric fields.
  • The phototransistor successfully showed NIR bipolar photoresponse by utilizing Ge absorption and photogating.
  • The device emulated neural biological functions of retinal bipolar cells and performed image sharpening via convolutional operations.

Conclusions:

  • A single Ge-based WSe2 phototransistor successfully mimics broad-spectrum bipolar cell functionality.
  • The device exhibits unique dual-band photoresponse, enabling emulation of retinal neural functions.
  • This advancement holds significant potential for enhancing visual bionic chips in applications like autonomous vehicles and robotics.