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Generalized Psychophysiological Interaction PPI Analysis of Memory Related Connectivity in Individuals at Genetic Risk for Alzheimer's Disease

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Apolipoprotein E e4 Status Predicts Memory Performance and Daily Functioning in Aging Hispanic/Latino Adults.

Jennifer Lozano¹, Ezekiel Hernandez¹, Dora Beacham²

¹Psychology Department, California State University San Marcos, San Marcos, CA, USA.

Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology : the Official Journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists

|September 19, 2025

Summary

In aging Latinos, apolipoprotein (APOE) e4 status predicts Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) cognitive and functional decline better than family history alone. This highlights the need for targeted interventions in this growing demographic.

Keywords:

Alzheimer’s disease Cross-cultural/minority Elderly/geriatrics/aging Everyday functioning Learning and memory

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Published on: June 3, 2020

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Gerontology
Genetics

Background:

The Hispanic/Latino population faces a disproportionately high projected increase in Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) by 2060.
The apolipoprotein (APOE) e4 allele and family history are known dementia risk factors, but their specific impact on cognitive and functional outcomes in Hispanic/Latino adults is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the predictive roles of APOE e4 status and family history of cognitive impairment on neuropsychological performance and daily functioning in aging Hispanic/Latino adults.
To examine potential main and interactive effects of these risk factors within this demographic.

Main Methods:

Analysis of data from 475 aging Hispanic/Latino adults in the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center cohort.
Assessment of neuropsychological performance and informant-reported daily functioning.
Statistical examination of APOE e4 status and family history main and interaction effects.

Main Results:

APOE e4-positive participants showed significantly poorer verbal and visual recall compared to e4-negative participants.
APOE e4 status was associated with worse informant-reported daily functioning.
A significant interaction between APOE e4 status and family history was found for auditory attention, with e4-positive individuals with a family history performing best.

Conclusions:

APOE e4 status appears to be a more reliable predictor of cognitive and functional outcomes related to ADRD in the Hispanic/Latino population than family history alone.
Findings underscore the importance of considering APOE e4 status in risk assessment and intervention strategies for ADRD in aging Latinos.
Urgent development of interventions is needed to maintain cognitive and daily functioning in this population due to projected ADRD prevalence increases.