Couples' interpersonal dynamics and relationship quality in donor-conceived families: a systematic review

This systematic review examines the interpersonal dynamics and relationship quality within couples who used gamete donation (spermatozoa, egg, embryo or double donation) to conceive a child. The review has been conducted following PRISMA guidelines and synthesizes in a narrative report the findings from 46 studies conducted across 10 countries, focusing on both same-sex and different-sex couples who used assisted reproductive technology (ART) with donated gametes. Key themes identified in the review include relationship satisfaction, stability, intimacy and the partners' agreement on relevant family issues, such as the process of disclosure to children. Gamete-recipient couples generally exhibit high relationship stability and quality, comparable to other family forms, including those formed through adoption, non-donor ART or natural conception. Higher relationship satisfaction was associated with lower levels of parental conflict and stress, contributing to healthier family dynamics. While the disclosure of donor conception did not directly affect relationship quality, agreement and decision making on disclosure emerged as key factors linked to relationship dynamics within the couple. Gamete-recipient couples show adequate relationship quality, comparable to other family forms. Future research should examine the long-term effects of disclosure, intimacy and dyadic adjustment to better support these families.