Microplastic pollution in water Systems of the Global South: A review

Microplastic (MP) pollution has emerged as a significant global environmental threat, with particular challenges in the context of water crises in the Global South. The persistent nature and bioaccumulation of MPs contribute to their detrimental impacts on human health. Current technologies for addressing, recycling, or mitigating MPs remain inadequate, resulting in insufficient elimination of these pollutants. Furthermore, the fragmentation and degradation of poorly managed plastic waste are identified as a substantial source of MPs. Establishing political measures and sustainable strategies is critical to promoting an MP-free environment. Despite decades of extensive research revealing the widespread pollution and potential risks associated with MPs, governmental agencies in the Global South have made limited progress in efficiently addressing plastic and MP pollution. This article critically reviews recent advancements in both scientific and regulatory perspectives, emphasizing the urgent need for comprehensive research on MP pollution, particularly in Global South nations. Regional studies in the Global South underscore the critical urgency of addressing significant environmental contamination and highlight the necessity for targeted mitigation strategies tailored to the specific challenges of these regions. The review article concludes by recommending a proactive path forward to overcome existing barriers and advance efforts toward a sustainable and resilient response to MP pollution, especially in water systems vulnerable to crises.