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Reprogramming the glycocalyx: Advances in glycoengineering for immunomodulation and regenerative medicine
Md Mohosin Rana1, Peyman Malek Mohammadi Nouri1, Seyed Hassan Hosseini2
1Centre for Blood Research and Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada.
Cell surface glycoengineering precisely modifies the cell membrane and glycocalyx for enhanced immunomodulation and regenerative therapies. Advanced strategies offer therapeutic potential but require careful control to ensure safety and efficacy.
Area of Science:
- Biomedical Engineering
- Cell Biology
- Immunology
Background:
- The cell membrane and glycocalyx are crucial for cellular interactions, immune recognition, and tissue regeneration.
- Precise glycoengineering is essential for modulating cell behavior safely and effectively.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review evolving cell surface glycoengineering strategies.
- To discuss their applications in translational medicine, including immunomodulation and regenerative therapies.
- To evaluate current challenges and future directions.
Main Methods:
- Exploration of genetic and non-genetic glycoengineering approaches.
- Analysis of targeted glycan modifications, metabolic glycoengineering, synthetic glycopolymers, and bio-orthogonal functionalization.
- Review of enzymatic strategies for glycan manipulation.
Main Results:
- Glycoengineering advancements show promise for cancer immunotherapy, organ transplantation, and cardiovascular disease treatments.
- Identified challenges include membrane instability and unintended cellular alterations.
Conclusions:
- Cell surface engineering offers a roadmap for enhancing therapeutic efficacy and regenerative medicine.
- Further research is needed to overcome limitations and ensure precise control over modifications.
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