Factors associated with early seizure in patients with cerebral arteriovenous malformations

This retrospective cohort study aimed to identify factors associated with early seizure (ES) in patients with cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). Patients diagnosed with cerebral AVMs between 2002 and 2023 were enrolled. Clinical and seizure characteristics, radiographic findings, and clinical outcomes were compared between the ES and non-seizure groups. Factors with p-values < 0.05 in univariate analyses were further analyzed using a multivariable logistic regression model to identify independent factors associated with ES. The incidence of ES was 39.81 % among 309 patients with cerebral AVMs. Focal seizure semiology was recorded in 77 patients (62.60 %), and the rest were considered motor tonic-clonic seizures with unknown onset. Long pial venous drainage (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 12.015, 95 % confidence interval [CI] 5.325-30.018, p = 0.038) and adjacent cortical edema (aOR 3.112, 95 % CI 1.825-20.125, p = 0.014) were independent associated factors with ES, whereas the focal neurological deficit showed a reversed association (aOR 0.063, 95 % CI 0.011-0.202, p = 0.028). In conclusion, the long pial venous drainage and the adjacent cortical edema were independently associated with ES in patients with cerebral AVMs.